Wednesday, July 9, 2025

Postmortem of an American town-hall meeting


Ninety minutes into Republican Congressman Pete Sessions’ confrontational, exhausting, two-and-a-half-hour town-hall meeting at Robinson Junior High School last month, I realized it was yet another spectacular all-American failure in how such gatherings are managed, unwittingly or not, to produce frustration, misunderstanding, alienation and hostility — and not just in citizen constituents of all political stripes but in this case the 70-year-old congressman, understandably tired and definitely testy by evening’s end.

By the time I reached home, I also concluded the rancorous town-hall meeting encapsulated our nation in the Age of Trump: The longtime congressman and many of the evening’s players (though certainly not all), whether supportive or adversarial in their roles, often displayed the worst of our tumultuous times — sanctimonious to the point of blasphemy; rambling if not verbose; contemptuous if not spoiling for a fight; and uninformed, sometimes proudly, patriotically and defiantly so.

For instance, did retired Army Green Beret, former McLennan County Republican Party chair and local attorney Jon Ker, who served with the much-decorated 5th Special Forces Group Airborne in Vietnam and late in life secured a Christian ministry degree from Baylor University's Truett Seminary, really believe he would set the right tone at the outset by invoking God to vilify those who see something inherently wrong in U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement raids conducted so haphazardly, without legal discernment or decency, that legal immigrants and U.S. citizens are sometimes swept up in indiscriminate dragnets?

“Gracious heavenly Father,” Col. Ker said after removing his cowboy hat and commanding others to do likewise, “we humbly come before you tonight to, first, praise and worship you for being our god and guide in these times of contrast — the contrast of celebrating the nation you formed through our Founding Fathers by showcasing the Army’s 250th year of protection and valor of our people, contrasted against the damage, destruction and death from riots across the nation by those who hate—.” At this point, loud constituent boos drowned out the invocation, something I had never witnessed in my life.

The 78-year-old veteran continued: “Even so, we know that even in the darkest and most difficult times, you are with us and nothing formed against you and us will prevail. Father, you have blessed us with leaders that love you, that seek your wisdom to serve the people and who are not afraid to stand against evil, untruth and tyranny [heckling erupts] — men like Congressman Sessions. We lift him before you that he receives your blessings, your wisdom, your truth and your stamina. As he serves us in Washington, may he first serve you in his heart.”

One wondered whom Ker targeted in his prayerful reference to “evil, untruth and tyranny.” Possibly this was another dig at Los Angeles protesters, a small, defiant, definitely obstinant group better handled by local law enforcement than the National Guard personnel and Marines ordered out by President Trump amid great self-righteous fanfare. Or maybe Ker referred to millions of Americans participating in the nationwide, largely peaceful “No Kings” protests overshadowing, on the same day, Trump’s command performance of a parade in Washington, D.C., honoring the Army’s 250th birthday and his own 79th birthday.

So much, too, for using the Army as a nationally unifying rallying point. Those days were fading fast. Only days earlier President Trump violated longstanding, sacrosanct military protocol at Fort Bragg by drawing cheers for his recent reelection from uniformed Army soldiers employed as props for his fiercely politicized speech; sympathetic jeers as he maligned his political enemies (including a former commander in chief); and more cheers (at least from white soldiers) in gloating over his renaming of Army forts to honor Confederate heroes who vigorously fought against the U.S. Army in our nation’s deadliest war.

Some local “No Kings” protesters attended Sessions’ town-hall meeting, most armed not with signs but questions and concerns in the tumultuous Age of Trump. Signs brandished two days earlier at the corner of Valley Mills Drive and Waco Drive included one held by a Hispanic veteran who wore a T-shirt: “American Grown with Mexican Roots.” His sign: “We swore an oath to OUR CONSTITUTION, NOT to a KING or wannabe DICTATOR.” Another sign that day tells the rest of the story: “They want us to HATE each other. Don’t let them.” Among those at the protest: Joe McKinney, who told a KWTX-TV reporter that he had broken with his political party of 60 years: “I cannot identify with the cruelty of the current administration.”

One must marvel at the abysmal timing of Ker’s town-hall “smite-your-enemies” prayer — two days after a Minnesota state legislator was assassinated by a masked Trump-supporting Christian zealot stalking her and other Democratic lawmakers. Casualties included the legislator’s husband, also shot and killed, and another state legislator and his wife, both wounded. The Department of Justice later said the killer "disguised himself as a member of law enforcement and traveled to the homes of Democratic elected officials with the intent to intimidate and murder." One wonders: Is the fact that Democratic state Sen. John Hoffman survived the June 14 attack proof God saved him to save America, as Trump has so often claimed of himself after a failed 2024 assassination attempt?

Ker’s notion of a fitting prayer for divisive times explains why I no longer pray during invocations at political events. Too many of us these days are willing to prostitute Christian faith for political ends, scoring one for the party in a self-righteous display of patriotism and religion rather than showcasing, say, the counsel of Jesus in the Gospels. Having lit the fuse, the retired Army colonel retreated to his seat in the crowd, leaving the congressman and his staff to manage the rest of the town-hall meeting — now quarrelsome and unwieldy to the point of unruliness.

Robinson Mayor and local car dealer Greg May tried resetting the tone in his own introductory remarks — “in Robinson we are completely laid back and we like to do things with respect and I expect that’s how we’re all going to act tonight” — but the meeting was arguably primed for animosity even without Ker’s prayer. Trump’s Make America Great Again juggernaut has long delighted in and thrived on cultivating hatred for fellow Americans of different political and cultural persuasions, consequently inviting in return more contempt, more hostility.

One marvels at the failure of event organizers to better capitalize on the evening’s flag presentation to Robinson High School graduate Adrian Gage “Gonzo” Gonzales, 17, appointed to the U.S. Military Academy class of 2029 at West Point. Two months earlier, speaking at a school ceremony, Gonzales, Texas-born son of Marine veteran Adrian Gonzales and longtime nurse and hospital administrator Kendall Brewer, drew insightfully on history in explaining his resolve to serve his country after high school: “Now it’s time to move on to the next chapter, a chapter built on even higher standards, tougher challenges and greater purpose — to uphold the integrity of the Constitution of the United States.”

As the evening quickly deteriorated, I wondered if Sessions’ staff shouldn’t have pressed Gonzo to lead the prayer or offer a few uplifting words. His part was limited to a brief and forgettable walk-on.

                                                             Who's the enemy here?

Much of what followed indeed focused on veterans and active-duty military — among the few elements of American society still regarded with some reverence, though how long this endures in the Age of Trump is anyone's guess. Marine veteran Patrick Branyan, 77, who served with the celebrated 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines, in Vietnam in 1967-68, questioned the congressman on President Trump’s ordering 700 members of his old battalion to quell citizen protests: “You know, as a Marine, I understand the mission of the Marines is not to control American crowds. Are you OK with this?”

“The Marines did nothing more than be there,” Sessions said in his typically wooden, syntax-challenged way to outraged jeers. “You know, it may not look good, but let me tell you what: It’s an embarrassment what those criminals were doing.”

This disparaging reference to Los Angeles protesters objecting to hamfisted Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids and what the protesters and even some everyday Angelenos see as de facto military occupation prompted more rancor in the Central Texas hall. This included shouted references to the January 6, 2021, rioters who, following unsubstantiated and incendiary claims of an election rigged against President Trump, stormed the U.S. Capitol on his behalf and assaulted police seeking to defend lawmakers. Those imperiled lawmakers included Sessions, ironically at the time among Republicans encouraging Trump’s provocative election falsehoods. In the aftermath, Trump came to glorify these rioters and insurrectionists as patriots and martyrs, such as at his 2024 reelection campaign kickoff rally at nearby Waco Regional Airport on March 25, 2023.

“Do you consider them [LA protesters] to be the enemy?” Branyan asked Sessions incredulously. “Because the job of the Marines is to kill the enemy. That’s the primary mission. Marines, we don’t shoot ’em in the legs.” This was a pointed reference to President Trump’s famously asking Trump Defense Secretary Mark Esper if armed military and police could shoot protesters in the legs amid demonstrations filling the streets of Washington after the murder of former Texan George Floyd by Minneapolis police in 2020. Trump denies the claim.

“Well, I don’t see them shoot anybody and they kept law and order,” Sessions replied dismissively, moving on into the evening crowd to take more constituent questions.

Left unaddressed by the congressman: legitimacy of the president’s use of military personnel to suppress political opposition, defying such laws as the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which right-wingers once championed. It prohibits military personnel from acting as a “posse comitatus” – that is, those “upon whom a sheriff could call for assistance in preventing any type of civil disorder.” There is also the problem of the president’s violating the Tenth Amendment and the principle of states' rights, which right-wingers also have championed, at least during Democratic presidential administrations.

Branyan’s fears — rooted (as he later told me) in recollections of the deadly 1970 Kent State shootings involving the Ohio National Guard and unarmed students protesting expansion of the Vietnam War in which Branyan himself fought and lost a hand — were timely and relevant, perhaps more than Branyan even knew. In an inflammatory June 15 social-media post to supporters (which I subsequently received as an email from the Trump White House), one day before the Sessions town-hall meeting, President Trump hinted at dark political motivations and personal grievances driving his nationwide immigrant deportation scheme, notwithstanding the usual rhetoric of law and order. In a grammatically untidy, let-it-all-hang-out message to followers, Trump betrayed still-simmering resentment over his 2020 electoral defeat:

ICE Officers are herewith ordered, by notice of this TRUTH, to do all in their power to achieve the very important goal of delivering the single largest Mass Deportation Program in History. In order to achieve this, we must expand efforts to detain and deport Illegal Aliens in America’s largest Cities, such as Los Angeles, Chicago and New York, where Millions upon Millions of Illegal Aliens reside. These, and other such Cities, are the core of the Democrat Power Center, where they use Illegal Aliens to expand their Voter Base, cheat in Elections and grow the Welfare State, robbing good paying Jobs and Benefits from Hardworking American Citizens. These Radical Left Democrats are sick of mind, hate our Country and actually want to destroy our Inner Cities — And they are doing a good job of it! There is something wrong with them. That is why they believe in Open Borders, Transgender for Everybody and Men playing in Women’s Sports — And that is why I want ICE, Border Patrol and our Great and Patriotic Law Enforcement Officers to FOCUS on our crime ridden and deadly Inner Cities, and those places where Sanctuary Cities play such a big role. You don’t hear about Sanctuary Cities in our Heartland!

The theme of use, abuse and misuse of U.S. military personnel continued during the Sessions town-hall meeting. For instance, Janet Bagby, a Waco constituent whose husband served in the Army and whose son is a Marine Corps helicopter pilot, highlighted Trump White House plans to fire tens of thousands of employees in the Department of Veterans Affairs. “With $45 million spent on the [Army] parade that occurred on Saturday,” she told the congressman, “there seems to be a disconnect between how we’re going to truly take care of our military and our veterans while saying we’re going to have cuts of 83,000 people in the VA.”

Before the congressman could respond, Bagby inquired of reports that, because of a Trump executive order, “VA hospitals and dentists and other medical personnel now can legally choose to not treat a veteran who is identified as a Democrat or a veteran who is a female.” Bagby then sought Sessions’ help in restoring federal support for a program at colleges and universities — including Baylor University — to help student veterans transition from a structured military framework to a robust academic environment.

Sessions proved ignorant of VETS — Veteran Educational and Transition Services — which Bagby, a senior lecturer in educational psychology at Baylor, helped found on campus. In the past she has touted it as one not just assisting veterans but the Baylor community through veterans' "developed leadership skills, discipline, global perspectives and tested hearts for service." The program has been overseen for nearly a decade by Marine Corps veteran and Baylor alumnus Kevin Davis. Nor was the congressman familiar with the dustup over the Trump executive order provoking arguably discriminatory policies in dispensing VA health care.

For the record, the Trump administration did overreact in arguably misguided deference to a White House executive order of Jan. 20 focused on men who “self-identify as women.” Administration designates consequently tweaked federal bylaws that forbid discrimination in veterans care “on the basis of race, age, color, sex, religion, national origin, politics, marital status or disability,” notably removing references to “national origin,” “politics” and “marital status.” However, Trump VA officials brand any reports of allowances for actual discrimination in veterans care “false” and “ridiculous.” In short, while some of my news brethren possibly leaped to unwarranted conclusions about administrative changes in bylaws to “allow VA doctors to refuse to treat Democrats, unmarried veterans” (to quote one news source), so apparently did White House staffers trying to accommodate an executive order demanding “clear and accurate language and policies that recognize women are biologically female and men are biologically male.”

In any case, federal law still forbids discrimination in veterans' health care on the grounds of “national origin,” “politics” and “marital status.” At least, for the moment.

                                                            Anatomy of a lie

Retired Col. Ker’s touting of Sessions as one of God’s own fighting evil, tyranny and untruths isn’t so surprising, no matter how much it might outrage. After the congressman’s stunning defeat in his Dallas district in 2018 following 22 long years in power, Sessions limped back to his old hometown of Waco where, as a boy, he threw the daily newspaper and excelled in Boy Scout pursuits. His mission in 2020 at age 65: run for Congress representing the 17th Congressional District, a decision strongly backed by Ker, then influential chairman of the McLennan County Republican Party. This overlooked nearly a dozen grassroots Republicans also vying for the open seat including Marine veteran Trent Sutton, 45, of College Station and Waco homebuilder Scott Bland, 48. Both might have otherwise proven competitive prospects. In his discussions with me at the time, Chairman Ker argued Sessions’ seniority would offer Central Texans a prominent and pivotal voice in Congress eclipsing his novice Republican rivals. (As Waco Tribune-Herald opinion editor at the time, I conducted lengthy Sunday Q&As with all of the willing candidates.)

At the outset, Sessions faced the damning charge he was a carpetbagging congressman from Dallas gone to Waco to resurrect his political career. To quote civic leader and staunch conservative Sam Cryan in an indignant Dec. 1, 2019, letter to the Waco Tribune-Herald, "More than enough excellent people live and work among us who didn't have to move into our area just to run for public office." Upon his election in November 2020 following a bruising primary election season, Sessions immediately became swept up in Trump’s controversial effort to overturn 2020 presidential election results — a mark of disgrace, even treason, among some of Sessions' new, more mainstream constituents. And in 2023 he gained only eight votes in an incredibly myopic bid to become House speaker, disproving at least to a degree Ker’s estimation of Sessions’ political influence. My take: Sessions in his aging years was simply outflanked by a younger, more media-savvy, barn-burning sort of Republican such as Texas’ volcanic attorney Chip Roy and one-eyed, sometimes reasonable-seeming war veteran Dan Crenshaw, a former legislative assistant to Sessions. In their company Sessions appeared stilted, awkward, well past his political expiration date.

If Congressman Sessions sometimes seemed ignorant of constituent concerns during his June 16 town-hall meeting in Robinson, it’s possibly due to the blizzard of executive orders and declarations pursued by unquestioning administration officials not only in occasional violation of federal law but without the approval of Congress, ultimate law-setting body under the U.S. Constitution (even as the Constitution seemed to be undergoing constant reinterpretation and revision by the nation’s highest court in such critical matters as presidential immunity). This is not to excuse Sessions from accountability, only to acknowledge the considerable challenge of keeping up with Trump’s flood of directives, proclamations and utterances. Yet Sessions' own partisan impulses and prickly defensiveness sometimes led him to make claims without foundation, turning the skepticism and doubt of many constituents to cynicism and disdain.

The alarming national spectacle of immigration deportations — inflaming tensions as masked federal agents trample law and tradition in pursuit of immigrants legal and illegal in farm fields, at construction sites, on rooftops and up and down courthouse corridors — contributed to Sessions’ being resoundingly booed by constituents after he claimed the Department of Veterans Affairs under President Biden had “moved $15 billion from veterans health care directly to the president so he could pay for these illegals to come to the United States, so what we’re doing is, in the [Trump-ordered] ‘big, beautiful bill,’ we are going to fix this.”

Well, that’s certainly one version. Others credit the $15 billion shortfall to 2022 congressional passage of the PACT Act, which provides medical care and disability compensation to hundreds of thousands of veterans diagnosed with diseases connected to toxic exposure from burn pits, radiation at weapons-testing sites and the aerial spraying of Agent Orange. Such legislation has long been a goal of veterans. Some also credit confusion over financial arrangements by the VA to help ICE officials process their payments to health-care providers treating immigrant detainees — a longtime practice that reportedly does not include funneling actual VA dollars for immigrant care.

When pressed by a veteran on Trump White House discussions to cut some 80,000 jobs from the Department of Veterans Affairs, erasing staffing hikes by the Biden administration and possibly undermining prompt, efficient service to the nation’s veterans — this particular veteran described the VA health care he received as “outstanding and what I was promised when I took the oath of service” — Sessions in response retreated to the point he made earlier (to vocal audience disbelief). He claimed, once again, that the VA had moved $15 billion in veterans’ health-care dollars to President Biden “to fund the immigration, the illegal immigration.”

As Sessions sought to underline this claim, a woman kept heckling him, prompting a man to finally shout: “Let the man talk!”

Sessions replied: “You know, you can yell at me on other issues, but not on the veterans issue. Please, if you listen, the issues that are related to community care [veterans’ health care beyond VA facilities] have been cut dramatically and, sir, I don’t know if you’re in community care or not, but they were cut dramatically. And the reason why is because the secretary moved $15 billion out of the VA and that is why last August we had to come in and do an emergency bill.” Sessions said lawmakers weren’t told last year where the money went but that “DOGE government efficiency” operatives had subsequently discovered the truth. 

More audience boos erupted at this explanation, which left largely unanswered the question of proposed VA layoffs by the Trump administration while blackening the reputation of the Biden administration. The congressman then concluded by thanking the veteran for his service.

For the record, Sessions’ claim has circulated in a different variation among at least some Republicans. Sen. Steve Daines, a Montana Republican, claimed in 2023 he had “just learned” VA resources were being “diverted from our nation’s veterans to process the medical claims of illegal immigrants held in the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement,” though here the argument was that the time and efforts of VA claims processors would be better spent on veterans rather than helping ICE administrators care for immigrants in ICE custody.

The catch: While Sen. Daines may have only learned of this in 2023, the VA had been performing this function since 2002 and the George W. Bush administration.

Again, Capitol Hill journalists and Biden VA officials last year explained that the $15 billion shortfall in VA funding primarily resulted from record levels of benefits to veterans under the PACT Act, which expanded coverage to address exposure to toxic substances in military service — and which Sessions, in yet another June 16 town-hall exchange with a local veteran of 22 years’ service, volunteered he too supported. Since the PACT Act became law, more than 710,000 veterans have reportedly enrolled, obviously a significant hike in taxpayer expense.

A Sessions spokeswoman blames the shortfall on the “Biden administration’s intentional failure to request the correct amount of VA funding through their presidential budget request,” thus necessitating the supplemental appropriations to which Sessions referred. However, things here get a little murky. “Despite seeking more funds for government programs that provide free amenities to illegal aliens like FEMA’s Shelter Service program,” she told me, “the Biden administration failed to request the proper amount of funding for our veterans.”

Ergo, to quote her, “Congressman Sessions’ statement refers to this clear show of motivation: the Biden administration cared more about illegal immigrants than our nation’s veterans.”

None of this excuses the Biden administration for its colossal failure to decisively address immigration woes when it had the congressional muscle to do so — something Trump has also failed to do via congressional action unless one counts his enormous tax-cut bill allocating to his administration $170 billion for erratic, arguably extralegal immigration enforcement and border security efforts, including $75 billion in additional funding for ICE, rendering it the highest-funded law enforcement agency in government. However, mischaracterizing the VA’s processing of U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement dollars to health-care professionals as funneling money appropriated for veterans to help immigrant detainees ranks up there with Sessions’ echoing Trump’s “Stop the Steal” claims ahead of mob violence at the U.S. Capitol in January 2021.

Mention of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s congressionally created Shelter and Services Program by a member of Sessions’ staff is also ironic: Trump during the 2024 presidential campaign repeatedly made spurious claims that FEMA disaster relief funds due devastated storm victims were instead lavished on immigrants — a lie even Republican governors in storm-ravaged states rejected at the time. The FEMA Disaster Relief Fund and the FEMA Shelter and Services Program are legally distinct, appropriated separately and carry out wholly different missions.

A point worthy of reflection: Journalists, political scientists and everyday citizens are free to speculate on "intent" and "motivation" by Trump, Biden and Sessions, but we can never truly know what motivates a politician or anyone else to do something. The fact the Biden administration failed to properly budget for the Department of Veterans Affairs amidst a sweeping expansion of benefits and health care for a multitude of veterans exposed to burn pits and other environmental hazards does not necessarily mean the administration "cared more about illegal immigrants than our nation’s veterans." It could simply mean the administration failed to anticipate how many veterans might be impacted by the acknowledged problem of environmental hazards during military duty.

Ironically, the Trump administration’s own failure to effectively prioritize veterans health care prompted it in July 2025 to retreat from its plans to lay off 80,000 or so Department of Veterans Affairs employees after widespread outcry such as that heard repeatedly at Sessions' town-hall meeting in Robinson. Even so, the VA has already shed 17,000 VA jobs since January — many held by veterans — and still plans to reach a total of some 30,000 VA layoffs by the end of September, reportedly through attrition and various incentive packages.

The truth about the $15 billion shortfall in VA funding? Depends on whom you believe. But the fact the situation is complicated makes it easy for one side or the other to spin to mislead for political ends.

Incidentally, Congressman Sessions voted against passage of the PACT Act in 2022.

                                                     Conspiracy in the making

Many at the Sessions town-hall meeting seemed intent on heckling the congressman as he conducted his power-point presentation (much of it focused on tax cuts in Trump's massive budget bill rather than the trillions in debt it would spawn) and then dealt with constituent questions (most of them contentious). Some constituents tested the patience of all by lapsing into rants. During one rambling question-turned-lecture, someone in the audience remarked wearily: "Is there a question in all this?" To be fair, the meeting was no more raucous and long-winded than some of Sessions’ town-hall meetings during the Biden presidency except here many attending clearly didn’t see Sessions as their advocate.

Such behavior shouldn't surprise. Today's town-hall meetings are spiritual descendants of colonial town-hall meetings held primarily in 17th- and 18th-century New England. Many of these functioned as a purer form of democracy with attendants participating in decisions of actual governance. Now shorn of such governing powers, town-hall meetings today often prove occasions for constituents to vent in frustration, resentment and anger — and over presidential and national politics rather than the intensely local and regional issues that once defined them.

A 2022 Center for Effective Lawmaking study on contempoary town-hall meetings cautioned that informed policymaking is more demanding than one might imagine. "But national policymaking is merely one component of the job description," Andrew J. Clarke of Lafayette College and Daniel Markovits of Columbia University argue. "Citizens also expect members of Congress to remain embedded in the political communities that propelled them to public office and opponents are eager to brand incumbents as distant lawmakers that have lost touch with local affairs."

Gerrymandering may help politicians win elections but it can consequently present difficulty for them in keeping up with constituent concerns in wildly drawn and redrawn congressional districts, particularly given the sustained, almost daily influence that party leaders, oligarchs and lobbyists have over these lawmakers versus the pull of everyday citizens back on the home front. A 2014 study probing some 2,000 policy cases over 20 years found “the preferences of the average American appear to have only a minuscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.”

Propaganda operations masquerading as legitimate news operations; politicians employing conspiracy theories and outright deceit to pander to willfully uninformed masses; relaxed social-media policies paving the way for more falsehoods and more exaggerations; and, finally, the dwindling relevance of daily newspapers of record and a constituency that no longer keeps up with factually grounded news the way their parents and grandparents did only complicate matters. And the results of all this can come to a head during town-hall meetings.

Example from the Sessions town-hall meeting: The outraged mother of an autistic child, reminding the congressman of his own son's Down syndrome, questioned his support of an "autism registry" to track Americans suffering autism spectrum disorder. The initiative was reportedly pursued on the orders of controversial Trump-appointed Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., an infamous vaccine critic who has touted a widely discredited but stubbornly held theory that routine childhood shots can cause autism, a disorder that can inhibit development of the brain and influence one's ability to effectively socialize with others.

"How can you back a proposal that relies on debunked science and perpetuates harmful myths about vaccines and autism?" the mother asked angrily, her question laced with cynicism about RFK's intentions as well as those of Trump, who has belatedly argued vaccines might indeed cause autism, despite decades of research countering such a link. "Where are the ethical and scientific guardrails to ensure this initiative does not hurt or harm the very people it claims to help? What safeguards will you put in place to protect the privacy of those impacted by RFK Jr.'s national autism registry?"

The congressman's response: "I don't know what you're talking about."

Sessions asked if this had been voted upon in Congress — an admittedly strange question for a veteran congressman to make. Of course it hadn't. It was another extralegal romp in fantasyland by the Trump administration — one with which Sessions should nonetheless have been acquainted.

Label it a perfect storm: National Institutes of Health Director Jay Bhattacharya on April 21 discusses a registry to "track Americans with autism" as part of an initiative "requested by the president to Secretary Kennedy," only for this to be dismissed as inaccurate on April 24 by a Trump HHS official, only for the NIH and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services on May 7 to announce a "partnership" to focus on the root causes of autism spectrum disorder by mining data from Medicare and Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with ASD, complete with Secretary Kennedy's blessing — this time for real, apparently. Mix in RFK Jr.’s past claims about childhood vaccines with Trump's statements and unrivaled record of spreading falsehoods and authoritarian leanings and undisguised greed and one can see why protective, scientifically grounded parents might well suspect the Trump administration's ulterior motives and how it might misuse sensitive medical information, all sufficient to manufacture a very compelling conspiracy theory about an intrusive "autism registry" ironically running alongside the old conspiracy chestnut about childhood vaccines causing autism. Then set all this against bungled administrative messaging within RFK Jr.'s own Department of Health and Human Services against an even broader backdrop of RFK Jr.'s disbanding an influential panel of vaccine experts at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (despite promising not to during Senate confirmation hearings) and old conspiracy hoaxes about COVID-19 (including the claim the pathogen was engineered by Chinese communists as a bioweapon versus Trump's claim in 2020 that COVID-19 was no more dangerous than seasonal influenza) and, finally, residual anger over at least some compulsory vaccinations imagined by the Biden administration to combat a deadly pandemic. For the record, the idea of compulsory vaccinations contributed to uproar aplenty at a Sessions town-hall meeting in Waco in November 2021.

The congressman confessed ignorance about RFK's plan to build a "real-world data platform enabling advanced research across claims data, medical records and consumer wearables," to quote the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in its May 7 statement. Sessions' response: "I have not seen his proposal."

Such constituent confusion, cynicism and impatience was evident throughout the evening of June 16. When a woman suggested Sessions and fellow Republicans sought to cut Medicare in the deficit-swelling, debt-busting “big, beautiful bill” assembled primarily to cut taxes of billionaires and fund more immigrant removals, yet continued talking over the congressman’s reply, someone finally yelled: “Listen to the answer!” Apparently flustered, Sessions said: “Listen, I will be pleased to come back after we do this [pass the bill] and would love to have you come back and tell me how we cut you, because we won’t.”

A man then hollered at the lawmaker: “We’ll see!”

Sessions replied: “We will see.”

When it came to health care, Sessions clearly preferred focusing on Republican-engineered reforms to Medicaid rather than Medicare or, for that matter, whatever upheaval RFK Jr. and his crew were managing in the Department of Health and Human Services. During his presentation, the congressman touted the looming Trump tax bill’s “strengthening” of Medicaid by eliminating “waste, fraud and abuse” — those go-to buzzwords justifying so much unjustifiable mayhem during the second Trump presidency — and instituting a Medicaid requirement that able-bodied adults work so many hours a month to receive benefits under the federal-state health-care program for the poor. Devil in the details? A mandate compelling an increase in suffocating regulatory paperwork to remain enrolled in the program, a requirement made of those Americans least likely to effectively manage bureaucratic hurdles. Different analyses suggest that between 5 and 8 percent of Medicaid recipients are unemployed without cause.

                                                           Evading the question

However appropriate or inappropriate the evening’s boos and heckling, the congressman did himself no favors by sometimes evading questions. Example: When 41-year-old information technology specialist Anthony Hollister asked what Sessions and other lawmakers were doing about the Trump administration’s ignoring or delaying responding to federal court orders, including a “unanimous vote of the Supreme Court, the top court in this land,” Sessions dodged with such infuriating obfuscations as how his late father had been a federal district judge and how he himself believes in rule of law.

Did the congressman not understand the question put to him? At one point, Sessions actually repeated the answer he gave to an earlier question about due process rights afforded by law to every person in the United States, citizen or not. Sessions stated that “I believe that they [immigrant defendants] are entitled to receive due process, but if they fail to show up to initiate that [in court], they’ve excused themselves” of such rights. But this ignored Hollister’s question. The question at hand dealt with administration contempt for and defiance of federal courts.

Pressed further on what Sessions and other lawmakers would do to safeguard constitutional checks and balances from a presidential administration’s ignoring or delaying complying with an order from even the Supreme Court of the United States, Sessions finally asked Hollister pointedly: “Which case is that?” When Hollister admitted he didn’t know the specific case name, Sessions snapped, “I don’t either,” then abruptly handed the microphone to another constituent to ask another question.

For the record, the high court order upheld a lower court order to facilitate the return of an immigrant with legal status erroneously deported by the Trump administration to a foreign gulag. Ignorance of the specific case name – Noem v. Abrego Garcia – was an indisputable dodge. As a lawmaker sworn to “support and defend the Constitution of the United States,” Sessions didn’t need to know the case name to know of the administration’s well-publicized defiance of the high court and the grave risks to the nation in a president who ignores the rule of law.

Nor did Sessions reveal to town-hall constituents, let alone explain, his May 22 vote, as part of Trump’s “big, beautiful bill,” to neuter the power of federal district judges like his father. House Republicans inserted into the budget bill a provision largely restricting district judges to injunctions impacting only parties before their courts rather than applying injunctive relief nationally. Although this provision was stricken from the final bill, the Supreme Court of the United States has since reined in most (though not all) such “universal injunctions.”

“The federal judiciary is highly partisan, a reality shaped over time through the interpretation and exercise of Article III powers,” a Sessions spokeswoman explained to me after the town-hall meeting. “Congressman Sessions has supported efforts to limit the use of nationwide injunctions and restore balance to the separation of powers. Just as a member of Congress represents a specific district rather than the entire nation, a federal judge should issue rulings within their jurisdiction and not [legislate] nationwide policy from the bench.”

For the record, amid criticism for failing to promptly respond to the April 10 Supreme Court order, the Trump administration in June returned legal immigrant Kilmar Abrego Garcia to the United States to face charges that he "conspired to bring undocumented aliens to the United States from countries such as Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Ecuador and elsewhere, ultimately passing through Mexico before crossing into Texas." His family in a July filing cited his case as proof of a "profound constitutional crisis in which executive agencies have repeatedly and deliberately flouted the authority of multiple federal courts, including the Supreme Court itself.”

Hollister, who lives in the eastern part of the recently redrawn 17th Congressional District between Crockett and Lufkin and thus had to drive two and a half hours to the town-hall meeting in Robinson, acknowledged afterward that he should have better educated himself in questioning the congressman about the Supreme Court decision Noem v. Abrego Garcia. "I was ill-prepared in that I didn't have that piece of information," he told me. "That's bad on me for not being better-prepared. But as a U.S. congressperson, it's his job to know such things that are controversial to the people he represents."

Immigration detentions and deportations figured in much of the town-hall dissension, ranging from the protests in Los Angeles over indiscriminate ICE raids (including one at a Home Depot), to the supposed misappropriation of VA funds to immigrant detainees, to ongoing executive-judicial clashes regarding administration protocols versus basic legal rights. Blake Burleson, ordained minister, religious scholar and recent co-founder of the Heart of Texas Network for Immigrant Rights, which supports local immigration advocacy groups, lobbies politicians and ferries immigrants to doctors, schools and attorneys, told me afterward the congressman seemed astonishingly oblivious to controversial ICE raids thus far. "Sessions implied that ICE is only targeting the undocumented who are criminals," Burleson said, adding that the lawmaker surely must have been aware of situations in San Antonio “where ICE agents are going to the courthouse and arresting immigrants whose cases are dismissed” — a tactic apparently undertaken by ICE agents in their bid to meet a daily arrest quota of 3,000 set by the Trump administration. The tactic struck many Americans as underhanded, given the setting of a court of law.

Indeed, reports indicate ICE agents racing to meet daily quotas can no longer pursue time-consuming investigations to arrest and convict dangerous immigrant criminals — the rapists, murderers and drug and sex traffickers Trump and proxies highlight during rallies and town-hall meetings. And so arrests, incarcerations and deportations increasingly target undocumented immigrants working lowly jobs that many Americans refuse to undertake. Meanwhile, Americans who knowingly or unknowingly employ undocumented workers are allowed to escape any liability.

                                                               Deafening incoherence

If constituents of the 17th Congressional District left the Sessions town-hall meeting unfulfilled, it may have been as much because of their own failings as the congressman’s dodging accountability and being unable to keep up with Trump’s reality-TV obsession with provoking uproar and division. “As long as the people representing us with the microphone believe measles vaccinations are one of the most critical issues facing the country, we are toast,” a friend observed afterward. “Another woman went on and on about short-selling stock. I don’t have the foggiest idea what she was talking about.”

Equally bewildering: the ideological incoherence on parade. Sessions quite understandably championed construction in and near his congressional district of Samsung’s major semiconductor manufacturing facility — greatly bolstered by the CHIPS and Science Act mostly passed by Democratic lawmakers in 2022 and signed into law by President Biden to bring semiconductor manufacturing back to the United States from Asia. At the June 16 town-hall meeting, Sessions smartly hailed the Samsung facility as “a manufacturing plant of the future.”

The Taylor-based fabrication plant, reportedly part of the largest foreign direct investment in Texas history, will produce advanced logic chips for mobile, 5G, high-performance computing and artificial intelligence purposes. With a $6.4 billion investment by the $53 billion CHIPS and Science Act, South Korean-based Samsung has boosted its overall investment of $17 billion to some $40 billion, potentially yielding some 20,000 jobs. Yet not only did Congressman Sessions vote against the CHIPS and Science Act that helped this project blossom, but President Trump has proposed gutting the act and using its congressionally appropriated funds to pay down federal debt.

“Congressman Sessions supports incentives for domestic semiconductor manufacturing,” his policy spokeswoman informed me later. “However, he stands by his original vote against the CHIPS Act of 2022, as he remains concerned about the excessive bureaucracy, lack of fiscal safeguards and long-term inefficiencies in the legislation. Regarding any future proposals to repeal or redirect CHIPS funding, the congressman would need to see the specific details before commenting.”

This guarded assessment certainly counters the soaring rhetoric of Republican Texas Gov. Greg Abbott who, on June 7, 2024, saluted the Samsung expansion with a ribbon-cutting ceremony marking construction of the $16.6 million Samsung Highway in Taylor. "Texas is more dedicated than ever to the future of chips and Samsung in our great state,” Abbott said in addressing 125 business and community leaders gathered. “We are proud that the chips that run our future will be 'Made in Texas' by Samsung for generations to come.”

It's perhaps fair to note Republican Congressman John Carter, whose adjoining district is seeing even more benefits from the new Samsung manufacturing plant and the billions of dollars in economic impact it promises, has similarly cheered its coming even though he too voted against the CHIPS and Science Act that significantly boosted it. "I was recently at a local Chamber of Commerce event," Carter said in February 2024. "While there, I met a business owner working on concrete for Samsung, another business owner doing pest control and another business owner with a hand in construction. Everywhere I go, I hear the stories of how Samsung is bringing our local talent along for this exciting journey."  

More ideological incoherence? Sure. Sessions, who by all appearances has taken to his 2025 role in co-chairing the Delivering Outstanding Government Efficiency Caucus — neatly complementing Trump's backer-of-backer, eccentric billionaire and SpaceX visionary Elon Musk’s DOGE chainsawing of the federal budget and administrative state — seemed unfazed by Musk’s subsequent condemnation as a “disgusting abomination” Trump’s “big, beautiful bill” with tax cuts for everybody and billions of dollars more for ramped-up immigrant deportations and detentions, even as Sessions too lamented the bill’s runaway spending and trillions in debt (for which he nonetheless voted — twice  by the Fourth of July). During his town-hall meeting, he talked of cost-cutting Medicaid reforms, even as President Trump continued to insist that Medicaid would remain untouched.

Huh?

Musk, the impulsive South African-turned-Californian-turned-Texan whose SpaceX rocket-testing facility in nearby McGregor continues to shake area homes as he dreams of “direct democracy” on Mars, seems to have filled the void left by tea-party patriots who once vehemently protested such rampant spending — and whose absence at the Sessions town-hall meeting suggests either their lack of relevance today or their surrendering fiscally responsible principles to all-consuming Make America Great Again passions. To quote a recent social-media post from Musk: "What’s the point of DOGE if the government’s just going to add $5 trillion more in debt?"


Congressman Sessions conducts his town-hall meeting at Robinson Junior High School.

It’s only my estimate, but of the 200 or so attending the Sessions town-hall meeting, roughly two-thirds consisted of skeptics if not outright cynics of Trump’s policies — a switch from the Republicans and MAGA disciples who dominated and enlivened such meetings during the Biden presidency. Those who supported Trump resisted the notion to rise and defend him on June 16, possibly because his off-the-cuff statements and controversial policies aren’t easily championed before neighbors, especially given that these increasingly clash with old-time conservative principles, let alone fundamental Christian tenets.

That made a key exception to this town-hall sentiment all the more memorable.

“I just want you to know, Donald Trump ran [for president] perfectly clear on what he was going to do on immigration, on taxes, on the economy,” one constituent told Sessions, by now feeling the heat in the hall. “He won a big mandate. And I want you to know, anybody can pack a small-town hall, anybody can. But you’re on the right side, Donald Trump’s on the right side [boos, jeers]. We are in the majority of the American people. We want immigration under control, we want taxes under control and we want law and order. That’s what he ran on.”

He’s right. Polls show broad support for Trump’s priorities of immigration, taxes, law and order. But this support crumbles given how the president is pursuing these priorities. Americans don’t like masked federal agents roughing up citizens or immigrants with legal status. They don’t like risking health care and going further into unsustainable federal debt just to keep tax cuts for billionaires intact. And they recognize that an administration allowed to defy federal courts bodes ill for law and order if administrations of other political persuasions can then do the same.

At one point, in seeking to establish that elections have consequences, Sessions argued that because Trump in 2024 won 4 million more votes than those for all Republican congressional candidates combined, Americans owed him a certain deference. “He sold thoughts and ideas — and, so, in my opinion, he deserves, just like President Obama did, just like President Biden did — to have a say on the way that they would choose to govern,” Sessions argued. “And that is what we’re a part of right now.”

He’s right too. Yet does such deference allow a president to defy courts and argue for executive powers that clash with the Constitution and Congress’s own constitutionally spelled-out responsibilities? That’s also where we are today.

One senses, too, a widening disconnect between those elected to office on man-of-the-people rhetoric who then fall prey to campaign-oriented party dogma and self-serving American-styled oligarchs versus constituents who meanwhile contend with housing, commodity and fuel costs — the primary concern cited by many as their reason for supporting Trump/Vance over Harris/Walz in 2024. May 2025 figures indicated a clear weakening in consumer spending and hikes in food and energy costs — obviously more hurtful to those among us of limited means. A constituent citing Waco’s steep poverty rate of 25 percent broached the idea of hiking the federal minimum wage of $7.25 or regulating rents, to which Sessions intoned: "We are a free society. This is not socialist.”

Yet the very definition of socialism is mutating fast in the Age of Trump. At the time of Sessions’ town-hall meeting, news organizations were reporting that President Trump (and his successors) would now have a controlling interest in U.S. Steel under new Japanese ownership, allowing the president of the United States to have say over the company’s transferring of production or jobs beyond the United States or any closing of individual plants, all of which would seem to violate long-held Republican principles of robust capitalism free of federal encroachment. Yet Trump and his proxies have spent years attacking Democrats and liberals as “socialists.”

During a town-hall exchange on the Samsung fabrication plant in which he encouraged the pursuit of jobs such as electrician and welder, Sessions legitimately touted the good pay and benefits of jobs at H-E-B and McDonald's, only for a constituent to explain that money earned and simple math simply didn’t add up to a reliably “livable wage.” At one point, Sessions cited Democratic Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: "She worked at the greatest bar in New York and they raised the price of minimum wage and the bar closed."

Someone countered: "That's called corporate greed!"

Sessions fired back: "It's called ‘they-couldn't-make-a-go-of-it.’”

This disconnect also figured in concern over cuts of several thousand Social Security Administration personnel. As one town-hall constituent noted, not all seniors are knowledgeable about applying online for benefits "and now with new regulations, they're going to have to." Sessions dismissed this concern by noting that many government personnel are returning to work after staying home under pandemic policies under President Biden. He expressed confidence that seniors could still contact Social Security by phone. He’s right, though this is only due to a Trump administration policy reversal amid huge public outcry. Meanwhile, Social Security Administration phone response times have reportedly worsened.

Anxiety over Social Security is understandable. Not only has the Trump administration pursued layoffs but, through its incompetency and rumor-mongering, leveled baseless claims of fraud and waste against the Social Security Administration, including the bogus allegation that Social Security benefits were going to "millions" of dead people. Yet under new Trump-subservient management, only a few weeks after the Sessions town-hall meeting, the Social Security Administration dutifully emailed recipients misleading notices claiming Trump’s newly passed tax-cut initiative “eliminated” federal income taxes on Social Security benefits for most beneficiaries. In reality, the tax cut is temporary and in some cases limited. And it's not available to some Americans.

Yet another constituent questioned congressional discussion about Americans working till age 70 — a distinct possibility if not likelihood given that the eagle-eyed nonpartisan, nonprofit Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimates that Trump’s tax-cut bill (signed into law by him amid much pomp and circumstance on the Fourth of July) will accelerate Social Security and Medicare insolvency by a year, to 2032. To this admittedly vague, poorly worded constituent concern, Sessions replied: "I hope you work as long as you want to. I'm 70."

Then the congressman moved to another question.

                                                            Still fighting over 2020

Confounding town-hall tensions was the president’s feverish obsession with insisting, up and down, that he won the 2020 election when courts nationwide found no evidence of significant election fraud, let alone legal standing to challenge how individual states manage their elections, pandemic or not. At one point, Sessions squirmed to evade answering a constituent who asked if he was at last “coming on the record and saying the 2020 election was legitimately won by Joe Biden.” Sessions’ reply: “What I would say to you is you’re the only person in America who is asking that question because it is very old news.”

Old news? Hardly. How can the congressman indignantly insist to a constituent that “you’re the only person in America who is asking that question” when, days earlier at Fort Bragg, Trump insisted “the [2020] election was rigged and stolen” to the applause of U.S. soldiers? Clearly the president of the United States is keeping the “question” very much alive. Shortly after his 2025 inauguration, in victory comments in Emancipation Hall at the U.S. Capitol, Trump referred to the 2020 election as “totally rigged.”

The question of the 2020 election remains alive also because of Sessions’ own misjudgments: posing with “Stop the Steal” protesters outside the Capitol for his Facebook page days before violence erupted; voting in Congress to block election results; and giving credence, during a May 14, 2022, town-hall meeting at West Community Center, to the now-thoroughly debunked “2000 Mules,” a “documentary” claiming massive conspiracy by Democrats to steal the 2020 election. The film has since been disowned by the conservative media company that distributed it.

No wonder. A 2022 lawsuit against the company (Salem Media), pro-Trump conspiracy theorist and producer Dinesh D’Souza (earlier convicted of campaign finance fraud) and right-wing, Texas-based True the Vote argues that they collectively employed “junk pseudoscience and excerpted surveillance video of innocent voters” to claim that "shadowy forces paid so-called 'mules' to transport and submit thousands of fake ballots in order to steal the election." In specific, D'Souza and his team maligned a Georgia voter whom the “defendants falsely accused of ballot fraud in their multi-million dollar-grossing film.” Only after the 2024 election was won by Trump did D’Souza formally apologize to the defamed Georgian who filed the lawsuit. Interestingly, D’Souza has blamed the documentary film's falsehoods on True the Vote's supposed researchers.

One could argue the popular film constituted fraud in the 2024 election that Trump won.

Nor has Trump’s pardoning of January 6 insurrectionists and rioters after his 2025 inauguration helped put the controversy to rest, notwithstanding his order's claim that this action would begin "a process of national reconciliation." Trump quite obviously couldn't get past another passage in the executive order about its ending "a grave national injustice that has been perpetrated upon the American people over the last four years." Indeed, days after Sessions’ town-hall meeting in Robinson, Trump declared on Truth Social that “Biden was grossly incompetent and the 2020 election was a total FRAUD!” and that “A Special Prosecutor must be appointed.” Trump added: “Let the work begin!” Which, one might add, conflicts with Trump’s vow in a December 2024 “Meet the Press” interview that he would not seek to initiate such an investigation.

One of many lawsuits alleging sufficient improprieties nationwide to set aside the 2020 election, Latinos for Trump v. Sessions, filed in Waco’s federal district court, argued in its Jan. 18, 2021, filing that “every member of [the] currently seated 117th U.S. Congress and the president-elect [Biden], who is scheduled to be sworn in this coming Wednesday, January 20th, were not legitimately elected because the People of the United States were given ballots that were patently illegal.” Filed by a January 6 attorney and protester as well as another attorney who represented the far-right anti-government Oath Keepers militia, the lawsuit demonstrates how far the cries of election wrongdoing can go. Sessions' name figured in the case name because he was the congressman representing the district where the lawsuit was filed.

Incidentally, the lawsuit's fantastic remedy for this supposedly illegitimate election, aside from judicial scrutiny and new elections, was to borrow from a solution involving an absent monarch in the kingdom of Gondor in J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" and prohibit lawmakers and the new president "from enacting any new legislation or making any substantial departures from United States policy, foreign and domestic, as it existed prior to their unlawful usurpation of power on January 3, 2021 and January 20, 2021, respectively by appointing a group of trusted special masters to provide oversight to the usurpers." The plaintiffs argued this temporary solution "is similar to the concept of placing a corrupted business in receivership or in bankruptcy law, which places a 'trustee' in charge of the 'debtor-inpossession' during the bankruptcy case to rehabilitate the corrupted organization." Like other Trump-inspired lawsuits, this one went nowhere.

Is all this another instance of Congressman Sessions being uninformed? Out of touch? Unwilling to acknowledge the embarrassments and obsessions and transgressions on his side of the aisle? In any case, constituents in the hall on June 16 hooted down the congressman after he seemed to evade the question demanding his formal acknowledgement of Biden’s legitimate election till he finally exclaimed under pressure: "I told you! He’s elected!” Even so, he protested any notion that he was an election denier, indignantly claiming that such criticism was “unfair” and that he was "stunned and surprised" at the allegation.

                                                                Defining moments

One of the evening’s defining moments came when longtime activist Pam Kelly, 77, of Marlin, was given the microphone to ask a question layered with bitter context about not just the Republican Party but an electorate that endorsed it through the 2024 election, handing the party control of both chambers of Congress as well as the presidency under a court perceived by many as beholden to or fearful of Trump. Her scathing question bears repeating here in full:

I have one question, but I’d like to preface it with something if that’s OK. You’re a few years younger than me, but we basically are of the same era, the same societal standards. I remember a time when neighbors were helpful, caring. People respected the rule of law, our constitution and cared about family and the Founding Fathers. Americans loved America and what she stood for. When World War II broke out, most of our fathers went off to fight fascism in a country far away because they believed in freedom and democracy for everyone. My father was a captain in the United States Army.

I think that the men and women in the Greatest Generation would never believe that a major political party in America would follow a leader who lies, cheats, is disrespectful of women [applause], punishes the poor, makes fun of handicapped people, courts enemies of a free people, believes the treasure of our federal lands should be used for profit, invades our most private information, uses his position to enhance and enrich himself and his family [more applause], believes he is above the law, believes the Constitution should be changed to accommodate him, creates a partisan judicial system, takes revenge on those who disagree with him and who divides his own citizens through fear and hate.

I have supported Republicans as many times as I have Democrats, but right now the entire political system is dangerously sick. I just have one question: What happened to the integrity of the Republican Party? [Cheers, applause break out.]

To this, the congressman passed on a marvelous opportunity to explain why prevailing MAGA tenets are sufficiently compelling to shelve traditional principles once defining American conservativism. Instead, he dodged, citing Democratic President Bill Clinton’s losing his law license (well, suspended) for lying under oath and Democratic President Biden’s supposedly using executive influence to hide dissolute son Hunter Biden’s use of crack cocaine at the White House (an allegation never actually proven). Loud boos erupted at this evasion. So much for this searing question being answered by the congressman.

“I’ll be honest,” Kelly told me later of her question to the congressman and his response. “I think the man has to know that I was speaking the truth. I have trouble believing anyone of our generation could grow up in Texas and not have that kind of integrity. When I was looking at him, he was looking right back at me. I think he just couldn’t answer the question so the answer he did give was, well, very juvenile. I saw no point in arguing with him. I mean, I don’t like pulling someone’s pants down. But I think so many people do wonder about all this.”

Even when given a chance to answer a fairly genial, softball question with explanations of how MAGA or America First or Project 2025 or the Department of Government Efficiency might improve the lives of everyday, ordinary Americans, Sessions whiffed. Example: when busy, perennially upbeat, 63-year-old community organizer Ashley Bean Thornton — who has contributed in all sorts of roll-up-your-sleeves ways to everything from battling local poverty to improving public education — asked the congressman a question that might have inspired a rousing flight of oratory from an earlier generation of politician.

“One of the things that the government has done throughout my memory of history is make wise investments in our country — you know, from [President] Eisenhower’s investing in the [interstate] highways, all the way up to President Biden investing in the CHIPS Act that is helping to pay for that Samsung [plant] you mentioned,” Thornton said. “So, to kind of steer the conversation away [from more contentious town-hall discussions involving DOGE and budget cuts], just a little bit, what is the vision for investment coming forward?”

Sessions resisted this challenge to champion the Trump agenda, instead giving a disheartening view of America as bankrupt and heavily reliant on overseas investment:

The view with investment is that we have found ourselves as being less of a good thing to bet on, that the federal government is nearing a point where we can’t pay our bill. And there are other things that are called crypto and gold and bricks and a lot of other things that have gathered a lot of investment dollars. And that is why President Trump went overseas to get $6 trillion that will be invested in this country — $6 trillion will fund and fuel a lot of investment not for the government but for jobs and people, for things you see here in Waco, Texas. They’re investing in jobs here in our country. The $6 trillion is a guarantee they will invest in this country in our companies and in the investments that go on. And you should expect that a lot of corporate interest is how we employ people.

While Thornton later acknowledged being confused by Sessions’ answer, she understood at least some of his concerns. “I think we need some balance of cutting, taxing people who in my humble opinion would be no worse off for paying lots more taxes, and investing in our capacity to educate our people, do groundbreaking research and invent and build new things,” she told me. “I think that kind of investment has paid off through the years. I think it’s great if other folks [overseas] want to invest in us, but I don't think it does the same for us as investing in ourselves.”

Other exchanges between the congressman and skeptical constituents on June 16 invite commentary, but they’re similar enough in tenor and illustration. Did Sessions deserve the mocking remarks and hooted ridicule that evening? Possibly, though it was nowhere near as vitriolic as what I witnessed from the right-wing extremists dominating his town-hall meeting in Waco in November 2021, including a rant from one constituent who wanted President Biden, not even a year into his term, put on trial for various perceived offenses, Nuremberg-style.

                                                               Passing judgment

Constituent perspectives on the June 16 town-hall meeting vary widely. A friend of mine with a strong corporate background who is acutely aware of public policy left the event “disappointed and dispirited” — sentiments he acknowledged were probably inevitable “since the other side had complete control over the venue and agenda. But I devoutly hoped we’d land a punch or two during the Q&A. We didn’t. Not one.” Yet two politically active friends of mine contend that Sessions’ local critics “owned the room,” even as they acknowledged that “Sessions did an excellent job of standing there and taking the hit.”

The congressman won praise from critics for mounting a town-hall meeting after the chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee in March discouraged Republican House members from holding such events, given widespread outrage over President Trump’s actions. (Typically, Trump, also in March, without evidence, attributed town-hall protests to “paid troublemakers” — a claim he has also made about protesters.) Sessions also won plaudits for declining efforts by his staff to end questions early from constituents. He took all comers till every question in the hall was asked. Still, one wonders how the town-hall meeting might have unfolded had he and his staff considered the chipper, almost infectious advice of AB Waters, a social worker trained in Baylor University's much-admired Diana R. Garland School of Social Work. The school's mission includes "ethically integrating religious faith with social work practice."

“I want to preface the importance of understanding what this town hall actually is,” Waters told Sessions after pressing him and other lawmakers to help society’s less fortunate. “It is not a time for you to come and tell us your agenda. We already know your agenda. And that’s what you were elected for. You’re doing your job and I appreciate it. But for the next town hall, I think it may be important to hear and give time for your constituents to speak with you. And I know that you’re over time and I really appreciate your just staying and taking our questions.”

Someone blurted out, referring to the 2024 election: “We spoke last November!”

“That’s great, that’s awesome,” Waters replied. “And here we are again because town halls are important, right?”

"Town-halls are a two-way street," Sessions grumbled.

"They are a two-way street, thank you," Waters said. "It's a place for constituents to voice their opinions, to voice where they're coming from, to share their story, and sometimes those stories are not always nice and wonderful because they come from pain and they come from struggle."

Waters' advice reminds me of U.S. Sen. Paul Simon's deep faith in the institution of town-hall meetings. Over two terms in the Senate, the Democratic lawmaker held town-hall meetings in every county of Illinois at least twice and in almost all of the wards and townships of Cook County — reportedly more than 600 meetings in all. "I did it both for political purposes, obviously exposing my views to many who would never come to a Democratic political rally, and for philosophical reasons," he later wrote. "I wanted to make sure that people who are unemployed or facing a huge hospital bill had access to their senator, and not simply the big contributors or those who could afford a trip to Washington."

Over time, Simon forged best practices to improve how such events unfolded. These included tapping a respected, notably non-partisan community leader to strongly and fairly moderate the proceedings, outlining speaker guidelines and setting the tone for respectful, civil discussions. Simon suggested the policymaker "give a brief opening statement of no more than 10 minutes," allowing the vast majority of time for questions and comments from the audience. By contrast, Sessions' presentation took up the best part of an hour before questions were invited. By then his dullish speaking style, lack of context and creaky policy arguments had bolstered the resentment of constituents who had gathered from all over the congressional district to give the lawmaker a piece of their minds.

Simon approached town-hall meetings as "listening and learning sessions," which possibly made the former newspaperman, veteran and civil rights advocate a unique senator. According to the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University, Simon during town-hall meetings "would often sit at a desk in the front of the room with a notebook. He would make a brief opening statement and then invite questions or comments. He took careful notes as did an assistant. He did not profess to be omniscient and would often ask audience members for their views on issues." To quote the senator himself: "It's one thing to read about the farm problem, much different to talk to flesh-and-blood people whose agony is written on their faces and in what they say. It's one thing to know unemployment statistics, another to talk to a mother who is worried about the mental health of her son because he can't find a job. The people who took time to attend town meetings held in every corner of the state helped me to become a better senator."

Congressman Sessions took all constituent questions during his June 16 town-hall meeting.

And Sessions? On June 16 he seemed to sleepwalk through a town-hall gauntlet of his constituency. Judging from his defensiveness to the point of brusqueness when ideologically or factually cornered, given the context of a long career in Congress that might have refined another man in leadership and individuality and ability, Sessions seemed more resigned than resolved throughout the concluding Q&A segment. He ambled about the school cafeteria, clutching a microphone as if a torch in darkness, along the way short-circuiting potentially vivid, even enlightening exchanges with constituents or falling back on talking points that left him seeming tone-deaf, shallow or naive. He did seek to draw a line between himself and the president on some matters, disagreeing for instance with Trump's deployment of punishing and inflationary tariffs on global trade but without explaining why — another lost opportunity to connect on at least some level with the doubters and the cynics — and expressing disapproval of Trump's hedonistic pursuits, specifically Trump's costly, adulterous tryst with a pornographic film star and partying long ago with financier and convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein, a toxic relationship that weeks after the Sessions town-hall meeting would prove embarrassingly problematic for the president when MAGA devotees accused their idol of a hypocritical coverup in the Epstein scandal. But more broadly Sessions appeared in lockstep with this most transformative, destructive and corrupt of all American presidents. And on June 16 Sessions showed little willingness to find ways to connect with skeptical constituents or incorporate their concerns into his influence, if any, on congressional leadership or the president of the United States.

Sessions, who whatever else won a decisive 67 percent of McLennan County voters in the 2024 election against an astonishingly inept Democratic opponent (and 66 percent across his redrawn congressional district), claimed pride in his town-hall performance. "We had a fantastic turnout and I stayed until the last question was answered," he posted afterward on Facebook. "Hearing directly from you about the issues that matter most is not just important, it's essential. Your voice guides the work I do." Supporters cheered online after failing to do so in person. "I was there with a friend and we didn't know much about Congressman Sessions," a man posted on the congressman's Facebook page, "but he was fantastic! The only disagreement I had was coming against Trump on tariffs. The liberal lunatics there proved themselves yet again. Not a sane one in the bunch! GO TRUMP! GO SESSIONS!!" A woman who identified online as a Republican praised Sessions as courageous and transformative: “Applauding Congressman Sessions who was constantly interrupted by rude backlash, yet he stayed calm and stayed focus[ed] at the Robinson Town Hall. After mic issues he finally took the mic, walked into the booing crowd and stayed an hour late until every person in line had their say. It was bold, kind, respectful, open, honest, fearless & frank. He took a set-up and flopped it to civil. He was absolutely unwaveringly outstanding. Yes, there were people reading questions, they were clearly uninformed or grandstanders, but there were several with sincere concerns who he welcome[d] to visit him more at his office if [they] had follow-up questions. One commended him on his friendly staff who talk[ed] to her often. I left with much more respect for our congressman, I left pumped.”

A Sessions critic whose Facebook page revealed her affiliation with the Democratic Party ridiculed the notion the congressman reflected her political sentiments: "I appreciated you showing up and staying to last question. Just wish you had answered truthfully. No, many of our voices do not guide your work. Hopefully the many boos you received gave you some idea that many don’t agree with your platform and policies. But, again, thanks for showing up." Another woman whose Facebook post included a profile picture of a state government building with a wall inscription from the 1845 Texas Constitution (no longer in force) — “All political power is inherent in the people and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their benefit” — disagreed with those singing Sessions’ praises online: "Reminder that he is a representative of all the people in his district. We all pay taxes to fund his salary, offices and his staff. Thanks to extreme gerrymandering by Republicans, Pete can ignore the voices of some of his district. Hence, the anger last night."

Patrick Branyan, the veteran who expressed reservations about his old Marine battalion ordered by the president to face down protesters in Los Angeles, did give Sessions his due after the town-hall meet: “He didn't actually answer my question, but I will say this. My wife and I stayed till it was over and went up and shook his hand for staying there through the question-and-answer period till everybody got a question answered. I think that's kind of unique today for Republicans because their policies are so unpopular that if they do a town-hall like Sessions did, there's going to be a lot of resistance.”

Pam Kelly, whose question to the congressman harkened back to the morality and ethics of the so-called "Greatest Generation" that endured the hardships of the Great Depression and sacrificed at home and abroad in World War II, similarly gave Sessions credit, though to no good end. "There were more people who were ticked off than he had supporters,” she told me later. “Good for him for holding out and not walking away from it. I mean, people bordered on being rude and hostile and he stayed. Did it do any good? No. He's continued supporting Trump since then [most notably by voting for Trump's "big, beautiful bill"] and these are people in Congress who could actually do something about all this. They could say, ‘We're not going to let you take any more power away from us’ or ‘We're going to protect and defend the Constitution’ or ‘No, we're going to stick up for our constituents.’

"I really feel like the people in Congress could take back control," she told me, "but it's either fine with them what's now going on or they're spineless, neither of which deserves any respect."

Louise Champagne, a constituent whose family hails from nearby Harrison Switch and who questioned Sessions on why, amidst all the claims by Musk and Trump of widespread government fraud, no actual criminal indictments ever surfaced, acknowledged to me disappointment in the congressman's responses generally: "I mean, his answers during the town-hall meeting were things like, 'Sure, it's fine, everybody should work until they're 70' and 'Oh, Waco has a 28 percent poverty rate? Well, people should work at H-E-B and McDonald's,' as if the working poor aren't already working at places like H-E-B and McDonald's. He seemed completely unsympathetic to all that."

Sessions' town-hall answer to Champagne's inquiry on the lack of criminal indictments arising from constant claims of government fraud — claims no doubt arising from Trump’s constant characterizing of government rank-and-file employees as part of some ill-defined and corrupt “deep state” worthy of dissolution: "Oh, don't worry, that's getting ready to happen!"

Kendall Brewer, 42, who remained deeply grateful to Sessions for assisting her son in joining cadet ranks at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point (and remained grateful the diverse town-hall crowd was so respectful during the brief ceremony honoring her son), said she and son Gage were fascinated by the political sentiments aired at the meeting and Sessions' willingness to make himself available for all questions, especially given audience skepticism. "The figureheads change every so many years with new elections, but we still have the opportunity to give our opinions," she told me. "We have opinions about this president just as we had opinions about the last president and those before him, but the Constitution and democracy and protecting our rights is ultimately what's most important. I like to think my son has been raised by parents who are like that – and who agree to disagree."

                                                      Sovereignty of the people

Amidst all this, I'm reminded of Sessions congressional district director Vicki Mercer's plea to town-hall constituents at the outset to show respect for one another and their elected representative. "We are all one community," she said. "We go to church together, we go to the grocery store together, we run into each other." This was an understandable appeal for civility in an America where our politicians more often than not lead us in believing the absolute worst about one another. We clearly go to very different churches, as Jon Ker proved with his bellicose prayer, offered up just moments after Mercer's entreaty for mutual respect and decorum. Some of us indeed worship and emulate a vengeful, intolerant god permeating Old Testament passages, others follow teachings of the son of God in pursuing New Testament principles of inclusiveness, compassion and charity whereby followers are judged by not only acceptance of this sacrifice but also our consideration of and assistance to the very least among us here on Earth.

Even at the aforementioned grocery store we go down very different aisles, some purchasing plant-based meats (to the contempt of others, particularly in Texas beef country), some favoring meats marketed by stockmen (to the skepticism of others wary of cholesterol or compassionate about animal lives or both). Pausing to closely eye elevated egg prices in the Age of Trump can be seen as a political statement as much as an genuine economic concern, before and after Trump’s 2024 election. (Eggs prices, such a MAGA obsession before the election, remain stubbornly high well after the election, nearly 50 percent higher in May 2025 than a year earlier, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.) And as we stroll down aisles, we're pressed to consider the clashing politics of fellow shoppers wearing T-shirts emblazoned with such slogans as "I'M SORRY, I CAN'T HEAR YOU OVER MY FREEDOM RINGING" and “PRAY INSTEAD OF WORRYING, STRESSING, BLAMING, PANICKING, OVERTHINKING, WONDERING, RESENTING, COMPLAINING, ASSUMING, DOUBTING, OBSESSING, JUDGING, REGRETTING, COMPARING, OVERREACTING IN EVERY SITUATION. JUST PRAY." And we shop while ignoring the consequences of our prejudices and hostilities, including the question of who among us will toil in farming fields and the slaughterhouses once we wipe clean from our land the most inoffensive and unseen of immigrant laborers. And in walking back to our vehicles, we see more evidence of citizens striking ideological colors to the point of daring confrontation and challenge on our streets if not in the parking lot, ranging from "KEEP THE IMMIGRANTS/DEPORT THE RACISTS" to "STOMP MY FLAG I'LL STOMP YOUR ASS."

I'm reminded, too, of the personal offense that East Texas constituent Anthony Hollister took in Ker's prayer of vilification, justifying so far as Hollister was concerned the principle of keeping separate church and state affairs as Jefferson, Paine and other founders argued. "Invocations, to me, at least in my experience in Texas — I haven't lived anywhere else — is that it's a way to insert religion and prayer into government functions," he told me after the town-hall meeting. "And it doesn't belong there. Go do it at home, go do it at church on Sunday, don't bring it into a government meeting." In his citing of Ker's prayer — and in my followup interview with Hollister I in no way prompted him about it, only asking his opinion about the Sessions town-hall meeting overall — he notably never brought up the actual content of the prayer, only that it served as an example of why prayers are inappropriate in politically oriented events. Ironically, omission of an opening prayer at such an event would be considered by some as sacriligious, contrary to the notion of the United States as a Christian nation when in fact we were primarily a Christian people or, at least, we imagined ourselves as such. Possibly adding to the perils of traditions ripe for revisiting, Mercer, in leading town-hall constituents in the pledge of allegiance to the Texas flag (after successfully negotiating the U.S. pledge), accidentally began reciting the U.S. pledge of allegiance all over again. I've never quite understood how one citizen can have two allegiances to governments so often in heated conflict as Texas and the United States, yet the custom persists. Fortunately, the audience — this was before Ker's prayer darkened the town-hall mood — laughed off the accidental pledge as Mercer apologized. "Yee-haw!" someone yelled.

The Ker prayer almost certainly obliterated constituents' collective, good-natured forgiveness of a wrongly recited pledge. It instead reminded all of their bitter differences. And, indeed, who among us is truly qualified to condemn another as evil? Are we sufficiently righteous to condemn evil when it clearly festers within our own ranks? Or do we reveal ourselves to be hypocrites, putting party loyalty and personal biases above virtue? And who is qualified to brand certain claims and facts as untruths? Have we ourselves done sufficient research, with an unbiased heart and open mind, to bolster final judgment — and do we recognize and call out untruths that fester within our own ranks? Or do we allow them to continue on their nefarious way to deceive and destroy because we personally delight in the confusion they cause fellow citizens? And when we commend selected leaders for standing tall against "tyranny" in a crowd of diverse backgrounds and opinions, do we owe it to show courage in specifying just who or what in our midst actually qualifies as tyranny? When all this is done under the umbrella of public prayer or religious authority, we ultimately wind up justifying Jefferson's long-held "condemnation of the alliance between church and state" for the simple reason many among us over too many years have abused any supposed relationship with the Almighty. "Of all the tyrannies that affect mankind, tyranny in religion is the worst," Thomas Paine wrote. "Every other species of tyranny is limited to the world we live in, but this attempts to stride beyond the grave and seeks to pursue us into eternity."

One marvels at questions not pressed during the town-hall meeting, including about DOGE-inspired targeting of a federal grant for Mission Waco's innovative Creekside Community Village "tiny houses" project to address the scourge of homelessness — such projects were supposedly a major concern to America First critics of U.S. funding of Ukrainian resistance — and the fate of a prominent, longtime Waco restaurateur whose disappearance from city life because of “immigration circumstances” remains, at least to a degree, a local mystery. Nor did anyone air specific concern about looming Medicaid cuts impacting (through more red tape and more bureaucratic hurdles) Waco Family Medicine and its noble mission of treating thousands of medically underserved Central Texans. Established in 1969 by the McLennan County Medical Society to address a doctor shortage and a lack of primary-care access for the poor, Waco Family Medicine this year has already experienced personnel cuts of 7 percent and clinic closures due to rising health-care costs amid tightened, state-ordered Medicaid restrictions. (Medicaid, of course, has long covered low-income adults and children through state-federal health-care partnerships.) All of this confirms that many of us, whatever our political inclination, are to a serious degree ignorant about issues impacting our friends, neighbors and co-workers, the result of a society that obsesses with national politics to the exclusion of local or even state news. 

One wonders if any town-hall meeting could have gone off well in the Age of Trump, which not only challenges and upends how many of us envision America but seems to encourage confrontation between citizens. Many Americans are increasingly ignorant or contemptuous of founding principles as well as disoriented to the point of resignation and capitulation by dizzying, high-stakes, sleight-of-hand shell games involving whataboutism, conspiracy theories and “truth-isn’t-truth” alternative realities, hatched daily by Trump, his designates and a supine Republican Party pandering to MAGA zealots while dismissing others as “snowflakes,” "RINOs" (old-fashioned Republicans who resolutely rejected dutiful MAGA conversion) and, of course, liberals. The libertarian Cato Institute’s Fourth of July 2025 survey of more than 2,000 Americans found "shocking ignorance" about our nation’s history and system of government: "Majorities of Americans don’t know why the American colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence to separate from Britain on July 4, 1776 (53 percent), or that only Congress can declare war (54 percent), or that the Supreme Court has final say over presidential actions (54 percent)."

More disturbingly, the survey, conducted in June, showed vast majorities fretting over faltering efforts to keep the government’s budget and finances sustainable (amidst a massive tax-cut bill then poised to add trillions to federal indebtedness); preventing excessive government power (clearly evident in a turbocharged Trump presidency); ensuring ordinary people have “a real voice in how the country is run” (mirrored in not only Sessions’ rebellious town-hall meeting but others across America, including one in Georgia where some constituents were tased to the approval of Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, a Sessions colleague who meanwhile has effectively destroyed congressional decorum while heading a new, DOGE-oriented congressional subcommittee aimed at eliminating government waste); the spectacle of political and cultural disputes spiraling into more violence (evident in events ranging from summer 2020 protests over police violence to January 6 mob violence at the Capitol). Two more priorities overwhelmingly favored in the survey: protecting future generations from environmental harm and providing "equal justice under the law," the latter arguably threatened by the Supreme Court's restraint of universal injunctions imposed, however temporarily and selectively, by lower federal courts.

To Sessions' credit, Robinson police officers in the hall were never pressed to remove or suppress any of the congressman's constituents, as was the case during a Sessions town-hall meeting in Huntsville in April.

In his remarks during a Robinson High School ceremony in April, West Point appointee Gage Gonzales quoted Theodore Roosevelt from a 1910 speech given at the Sorbonne in Paris: “It is not the critic who counts; the credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood." (This is an abridged version of the Roosevelt quote.) One might unthinkingly apply this to public servants such as Congressman Sessions, though Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville in his towering political travelogue "Democracy in America" (1835) applied such arena roles far more broadly:

In America, the principle of the sovereignty of the people is neither barren nor concealed as it is with some other nations; it is recognized by the customs and proclaimed by the laws; it spreads freely and arrives without impediment at its most remote consequences. If there be a country in the world where the doctrine of the sovereignty of the people can be fairly appreciated, where it can be studied in its application to the affairs of society and where its dangers and its advantages may be foreseen, that country is assuredly America.

Even Roosevelt acknowledged as much in the role of the overlooked, undistinguished individual U.S. citizen, judging from yet another passage in his famous “Man in the Arena” speech, actually titled “Citizenship in a Republic” for the benefit of his French audience:

The good citizen will demand liberty for himself and, as a matter of pride, he will see to it that others receive liberty which he thus claims as his own. Probably the best test of true love of liberty in any country is the way in which minorities are treated in that country. Not only should there be complete liberty in matters of religion and opinion but complete liberty for each man to lead his life as he desires, provided only that in so doing he does not wrong his neighbor.

Roosevelt continued, touching on figures who may well be familiar in the Age of Trump more than a century later:

The man who, if born to wealth and power, exploits and ruins his less fortunate brethren, is at heart the same as the greedy and violent demagogue who excites those who have not property to plunder those who have. The gravest wrong upon his country is inflicted by that man, whatever his station, who seeks to make his countrymen divide primarily in the line that separates class from class, occupation from occupation, men of more wealth from men of less wealth, instead of remembering that the only safe standard is that which judges each man on his worth as a man, whether he be rich or whether he be poor, without regard to his profession or to his station in life. Such is the only true democratic test, the only test that can with propriety be applied in a republic.

Certainly, the Sessions town-hall meeting of June 16 was primed for fireworks, showcasing two distinct sets of Americans: citizens who defend constitutional checks and balances to ensure the rights of all are protected from a constitutionally contemptuous king in all but title versus citizens more trusting in God, guns and divinely ordained strongmen and weary of constitutional safeguards they see as prostituted over generations to protect those whom the Founders never imagined worthy of constitutional carveouts and concessions; citizens who seek to rekindle the torch of liberty to recapture the enlightenment, humanity and civic regard that so distinguished the best of America’s founding principles and idealism versus citizens who long for the security of social and political hierarchy and would gladly torch all the truisms of history to extinguish those infuriating notions of diversity, equity and inclusion, let alone democracy and equality and civic engagement, which these Americans view as indisputably destructive to their idea of a proper and orderly republic.

With the countdown underway to the 250th anniversary of America’s founding, Americans are clearly suffering an identity crisis, arguably sufficient to contribute to our nation’s decline and fall unless more citizens — including their elected representatives — become far more cognizant of the duties and responsibilities that come with the hard-won sovereignty of the people.

An abridged version of this essay was published by the Waco Tribune-Herald on July 9, 2025.

Tuesday, May 20, 2025

Democracy afoot in the neighborhood

"Action Jackson" visits the Waco Tribune-Herald newsroom on New Year's Day 2018

Ann and I very seldom post on social media about our private lives. However, almost all of our friends in my Central Texas neighborhood know me only in the company of our miniature, 23-pound white poodle Jackson, ever-friendly, always game for new outings and new encounters. To our overwhelming grief, Jackson crossed quietly into another, more merciful existence one day in May 2025 after bolstering our lives on a daily, often hourly basis since December 2013. That’s when Ann, to my surprise, brought Jackson into our home from Fuzzy Friends Rescue of Central Texas on a two-day trial basis.

He had been found wandering alone, apparently abandoned, in the nearby town of Robinson.

What was supposed to be a temporary stay at our home for a night or so became a lively, life-imbuing, life-affirming lifestyle for us and all who enjoyed our hospitality and company. When Ann – done with being “dogless” after more than a year – introduced me to Jackson upon my return from work one December day as opinion editor at the Waco Tribune-Herald, he sat on the sofa alongside her, already to my mind confident of being in charge of all that lay before him. In the Fuzzy Friends newspaper ad pleading his adoption, he was dubbed “Ivan the Adorable,” though this was a compromise after one of the rescue workers initially suggested "Reptar," the name of a fictional Tyrannosaurus rex inspired by Godzilla and featured in the cartoon series "Rugrats." (“I am Reptar! Hear me roar!”) In our home, he initially struck me as a bit presumptuous for a supposedly unwanted or stray dog needing shelter and care. Yet, over time, Jackson became my virtual shadow – fiercely independent-minded, yet dogging my heels, probably because I fed and walked him. The latter pursuit quickly became an absolute passion for him, to the degree that even near the end, years later, he continued to jump up madly but joyfully whenever I reached for his leash by the front door. We walked twice a day, strolls that often amounted to a mile and a half each, generally at his instigation when I might well have preferred shorter routes and a return to the comforts of home and hearth. He certainly aided my overall health in the bargain, given the hills that characterize our particular stretch of McLennan County, Texas. He paraded through the neighborhood as if on a grand inspection tour of the troops and grounds. Some folks called him "The Flag" because of his extraordinarily long, pronounced, fluffy white tail which never, ever flagged. And, in his perfectly adorable way, he soon prompted neighborhood conversation where it might not have occurred, especially in these polarized times.

Without my fully realizing it, Jackson became part of my identity and I became part of his. He not only kept me to a daily routine, he enlivened it. After our morning walks, during which over nearly eleven and a half years he helped me better know my neighborhood, my neighbors and myself, he ate breakfast, then retired to an old La-Z-Boy chair in my home office. If not slumbering (often a fitful slumber, given his constantly looking around and checking on my whereabouts at any given moment), he perched himself on one armrest, intently eyeing the length of our street from the front window of the office while I labored on newspaper columns and editorials or edited columns by fellow opinion page contributors or conducted and transcribed lengthy phone interviews with everyone from conservative commentator George Will to historically savvy political activist Beto O’Rourke to one of the Trump-loyal attorneys who filed a lawsuit to shelve the 2020 election — recordings of which were sometimes punctuated by Jackson's controlled, masculine, sobering warning of what he took to be possible threats and unwarranted intrusions upon his domain. Ironically, Jackson was ever accommodating to visitors Ann and I welcomed into our home, sometimes giving the distinct impression he might follow them out the door to other, more enriching opportunities.

At first sign of an intruder from that window — mailman, garbageman, neighbor mowing his lawn, neighborhood walker — Jackson barked till they abandoned ground, then looked over at me, seeking acknowledgement of his victory. I naturally always gave him this acknowledgement, usually in the form of verbal encouragement and strokes, even as I sought to calm his alarm by telling him that he was a "silly dog" for barking at, say, a neighborhood squirrel or the postal carrier making his daily rounds. Yet Jackson was never yappy, never ill-tempered the way some of his poodle breed are – except that we discovered through DNA tests, pursued on a lark by my wife the way adoring pet owners will, that Jackson was only half poodle, half plenty else, including hound dog. He was, I suppose you could say, an all-American “E pluribus unum” dog – "Out of many, one."

And there were our contemplative evening walks – earlier in the short days of autumn and winter, later in torrid Texas summers when I waited after sundown for streets and curbs to cool sufficiently for Jackson – obviously closer to the ground – to safely patrol the neighborhood, though even then I tried to keep him on the grass, which was cooler. (Jackson with the greatest of agility preferred walking on the curbs – I called him a “circus dog.”) He seemed impervious to extremes of weather and we braved all sorts, including briefer daily walks during the Big Freeze of February 2021 when ice encased neighborhood streets and the power in homes across Texas failed, resulting in scores of deaths. I took a spill on one of these walks – nothing bruised but my ego – but Jackson demonstrated his usual remarkable agility – so much easier, my wife observed amusedly, when one travels about on four legs rather than two.

A peacefully astronomical or astrological or celestial or astral quality – I’m not quite sure how to put it – graced our seasonal evening strolls, the stars gradually emerging during longer walks after sundown. I especially remember our walks in 2020 when Mars was reportedly at its closest to Earth – a mere 38,568,816 miles away, its third nearest approach in some 60,000 years. It dominated all else like some radiant, orienting orange jewel in the relative consistency of the night sky. Just for the record, Jackson was also with my wife and me during the April 2024 total solar eclipse which brought thousands of eclipse-watchers to Waco and Central Texas; from our courtyard where we watched, Jackson demonstrated no particular fear or confusion or concern when the moon abruptly crossed before the sun and briefly ushered day into darkness. It was just one of many daily miracles Jackson beheld.

And not to read too much into it, but Jackson loved smelling flowers, even those in which I could detect no scent whatsoever. Whatever caught his attention, he appeared riveted.

Ann welcomes Jackson to his forever home, 2013.

Notwithstanding his tender regard for flowers, puppies and kittens, Jackson ordinarily proved a headstrong, vigorous dog with an utterly infectious yet willful personality. “He who must be obeyed,” I sometimes sarcastically remarked, borrowing from H. Rider Haggard’s famous novel. Given my inability to come up with a fitting name, Ann named him after Jackson Teller, a leading character from "Sons of Anarchy," a favorite TV series of hers about an outlaw motorcycle gang, as well as her best friend’s maiden name. Ann imagined she would simply call him "Jax" as the character in "Sons of Anarchy" is called, but she never did. In daily life I called him "Champ," she called him "Buddy," particularly when kidding Jackson about his following me everywhere after I came to spend most of my days at home during the pandemic in spring 2020 and slid right on into retirement later. "I used to have a little white dog who looked just like you," Ann cooed. But he was always, always Jackson – a name that not only stuck but invited speculation by many on our reason for choosing such the name. My aunt, who during these politically polarized times voiced absolute devotion to Donald Trump (despite her belief in a woman’s right to choose and climate change), expressed hope Ann and I had not named him after civil rights activist Jesse Jackson. I’m still not sure where that came from. I finally fell into the habit of telling people that we named the dog after our seventh president because it was simpler to explain and Andrew Jackson – hero of the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 and enduring symbol of American democracy’s reach into the daily lives of the common man – was also on the $20 bill. That said, most fellow citizens I’ve encountered and casually tested on civics knowledge can’t cite who’s on the currency in our pockets and purses.

Jackson was the perfect one to prompt introduction and conversation with neighbors and strangers, whether in Central Texas, the pine-topped mountains of New Mexico where we summered (and where Jackson, during our out-and-about strolls, earned more spur-of-the-moment invitations into people’s cabins and homes than I certainly would’ve on my own) or the sprawling deserts of southern Arizona (but mornings only). Yet at home he reveled as he engaged in what pet therapists call “enrichment.” This involved, first and foremost, the absolute necessity of playing with his toys, something we continued throughout his life, right up till the day before he mysteriously sickened. His favorite passion at home: interacting with a set of progressively larger stuffed toy hedgehogs, so beloved by Jackson because, when thrown, they bounced up and about in the most unpredictable ways, challenging his agility and attack in not only “catching” them but wrestling them to the ground.  “Action Jackson” then insisted he be pursued through the house rather than simply giving up his catch, a baffling activity that kept me busier than I always liked. Ann meanwhile not only trained him in fundamental commands – “come,” “stay,” “no” – but little tricks such as “praying,” absurdly popular with visitors, religious or not, and his waiting, patient but alert, till a wall of paper cups had been meticulously erected, then knocking them down triumphantly upon command.

But all this was secondary to our walks and subsequent mornings in my office, especially upon retirement in November 2020, when he ate breakfast with me and provided company (often through healthy diversion from my work at the keyboard) as I labored on what I hoped were thoughtful essays and probing interviews as Tribune-Herald opinion editor emeritus. Unwilling to waste institutional memory built up over decades as a work-a-day journalist, I continued to regularly step into the political, societal and cultural fray, an arrangement welcomed by former colleagues grappling with the challenges of a dwindling newsroom in an age when so many Americans got what they satisfied themselves was news via talk radio, social media and Fox News. It became a retirement pursuit the way some people deliver Meals on Wheels to aging or incapacitated shut-ins. And Jackson my workmate. Through our walks, he kept me in touch with the here and now of the neighborhood, even as I thought through disturbing issues of the era on our twice-a-day walks. On some walks, only Jackson looked like he knew where we were going because my head was often in the clouds. He often led our strolls, and seldom the same route from day to day. And then, of course, there were those memorable encounters with the neighbors.

More than a quarter of my career as a Texas journalist was spent in not only sharing diligently researched opinions with others through the mainstay of the daily newspaper opinion page I oversaw but actively soliciting the opinions of others – and not just through their letters to the editor and submitted columns but by plunging headlong into the mass of humanity at parades, fairs and polling places, always seeking to better understand trends ensuing across our nation. In my retirement, Jackson helped ensure the civility of such solicitations amid conversations he definitely helped initiate and facilitate in the neighborhood, rife with support for Donald Trump in 2016, 2020 and 2024. I remember, for instance, a spirited, pre-retirement evening exchange on economic policy on one of my walks with Jackson. James Tipton, retired professor of finance who taught for three decades in Baylor University’s Hankamer School of Business, voiced strong views on finance in support of President Trump during his first term – a conversation in front of James’ home that ensued under the midsummer stars and softened when Tipton, pausing in our exchange, insisted on getting Jackson a bowl of cool water, given Jackson and I were a mile from home and the air was still warm. James’ compassion for my little dog touched me, given his hard-edged political views and his reputation as a straightshooter seldom without a vigorous, well-argued opinion; a week or so after this exchange, the 71-year-old Army veteran, economics professor, active Boy Scout troop leader and master-level chess player was dead, a loss to the community. Jackson and I never again passed the Tipton home without my thinking of James’ kindness that summer evening of 2019, notwithstanding political views that I saw as destructive. His widow Barbara continued such kindnesses whenever Jackson and I strolled by. Yet I now also reflect on Jackson’s own example, so patient and so tolerant to regularly suffer such pauses on our walks to debate issues of the day, a citizen-to-citizen digression that everyone from American author Washington Irving to French traveler Alexis de Tocqueville recognized and celebrated as distinctly American in the republic’s rambunctious early days. Sometimes, possibly realizing the futility of a given exchange, Jackson barked at me to continue our travels.

Jackson & supporting cast

Certainly dogs have their roles to play in all this. Another neighbor, four houses from mine, is an unrepentant Trump supporter who lowered his U.S. flag in 2020 and raised a Trump campaign flag in its place, then did the same during the 2024 election. He complemented this show of patriotism (as he no doubt viewed it) by hanging, in one of many trees gracing his beautifully maintained yard, a Trump 2024 birdhouse. Conversations included one (also witnessed by Jackson) in which my neighbor implied but never quite came out and said that the alarm over COVID-19 was exaggerated to the point he and his wife continued to participate in monthly dinner club gatherings of a dozen or so. Yet I reflected not so much on his political preferences or even the loss of his wife – who when dating him 46 years earlier found him “full of himself” – but, rather, on how this quiet, agreeable widower for several years lovingly indulged his own little dog when the pooch became too old and too fat for daily walks. Wayne lifted his pudgy pooch into the car twice a day, lowered the front window and drove about the neighborhood, simulating as close as possible the daily walks they once enjoyed. Our paths would cross. His pooch would bark at Jackson from the car window (to which Jackson paid little notice); Wayne and I would wave to each other. Once, as I was picking up after Jackson at the edge of my neighbor’s yard, Wayne noticed and told me I needn’t do so when it came to his yard, that anything Jackson left behind was fine by him. I thanked him, of course, but told him that picking up after my dog struck me as a neighborly thing to do. (Many neighbors regularly posted on a neighborhood app their outrage at pet owners neglectful of such obligations.) Sadly, our contact lessened after the death of my neighbor’s dog.

For the record, my most enduring memory of COVID-19 – which Ann and I did take seriously as fellow Central Texans withered and died after contracting the highly contagious virus – involved our haphazard, hours-long sessions every six weeks of trying to trim and groom Jackson with a set of professional sheers and combs – all wielded, I fear, unprofessionally, amounting to an exhausting foray for us, even though Jackson endured all this humiliation stoically. Meanwhile, Jackson and I continued neighborly exchanges during the pandemic, its deadly threat significantly lessened in open-air encounters.

In short, even after my days as a newspaperman divining opinions of fellow citizens at parades, fairs and polling places formally ended in November 2020 – a thoughtfully timed retirement in what I mistakenly assumed would prove an end to the historically significant Age of Trump – walks with Jackson through our mostly white, mostly Republican Waco suburb ensured that I continued to confront and ponder viewpoints of neighbors who might or might not see matters as I did. Jackson, in all his adorableness, helped not only bring about such encounters but in his way encouraged neighborliness to prevail in all such exchanges. Nor were all encounters with those who counted themselves in the Make America Great Again movement. For instance, there was retired physician and political activist Phil Reeder, an engagingly kinetic sort whom I got to know through my daily walks with Jackson past his home, then came to appreciate and know better through absorbing evenings with like-minded individuals from different perspectives and different walks of life – attorneys, physicians, accountants, scholars, even a symphony orchestra conductor. All this ensued on Phil’s back patio, often over a glass of whiskey, often overlooking the sun setting on the South Bosque flowing into Lake Waco. These informal gatherings over time evolved into monthly meetings of the “Twelve Angry Men” (well, at least, as I came to call it, at my wife's droll suggestion), huddling in the home of one of our dozen to vigorously debate politics, history, philosophy and the spiraling, ever-shifting state of the public mind in the dizzying, confounding and alarming Age of Trump, often enlivened by my insights and testimonials gained in the company of Jackson. We put our minds to the same all-American dilemmas de Tocqueville did in touring America in the tumultuous Age of Jackson, trying to ascertain the American psyche that the French political thinker in his era so admired, even with his deep reservations regarding our stubborn societal racism and our astounding failure to elect leaders of the caliber of the Founding Fathers. In those failings, one wondered whether we had fundamentally changed so much since the early 1830s.

Insights into America gained in my neighborhood travels with Jackson are illuminating, thought-provoking: the Baylor University sociology professor and data-cruncher who reminded me that many local suburbs such as the one in which we live and the one 20 miles off in which George W. Bush settled shortly before his presidential election originally developed because of white flight in Central Texas amidst resistance to court-ordered school segregation; the African-American retiree who had earlier worked at the Pentagon and eventually moved from our Woodway neighborhood to a city in the Deep South to be among more of her race, notwithstanding the fact she proved popular among Woodway neighbors because of her radiant, upbeat personality and ingratiating humor; the couple who planned upon retirement resettling in Italy, formerly ruled by everyone from Augustus and Caligula to Mussolini and Silvio Berlusconi, because the MAGA mission in 21st America clearly required the snuffing out of so many individual rights; the white widow of a missionary who informed me presidential candidate Kamala Harris was a socialist – a conclusion reached because Harris’ father was a socialist, even though he only taught socialism at Stanford and never embraced it as a personal ideology; the Baylor instructor who, amidst President Trump’s talk of annexing Canada as our nation’s 51st state, ran up a Canadian flag in protest outside his home; the insurance attorney, Army veteran and walking buddy who thrice voted for Trump and seldom raised the subject of politics but for one memorable occasion when he tersely informed a mutual friend of ours in the street that, whatever else, “when the Supreme Court tells you to do something, Mr. President, you do it” – his reaction to the Trump administration’s defiance of federal courts, including a direct order from the nation’s highest court; the amiable but gullible Trumper who hired some vagabonds knocking at his front door to trim his picturesque canopy of live and red oaks – only to discover after they left (and with more than a thousand dollars of his money) that they had cut many of the live limbs and branches and left all the dead ones; the Vietnam veteran and neighbor who, after voicing outrage over the Trump administration’s imminent firing of tens of thousands of Department of Veterans Affairs employees, many of them veterans, insisted he was blameless in that he not only hadn’t voted for Trump but hadn’t voted at all; and, finally, a normally jubilant, big-hearted neighborhood woman who told Jackson and me of ordering two expensive straw purses on the day Trump sent the stock market reeling with announcement of “Liberation Day” tariffs. When a clerk inquired why she was cancelling the order just two days later, she replied, “My husband and I lost $180,000 in the stock market because of Trump,” prompting the sales clerk to ask, cluelessly, like so many Americans in our times: “Why? What did Trump do?”

Jackson visits friends Gwen and Gary Kane in Tuscon, 2014

Rather than retiring with Ann at day's end, Jackson always stayed with me well into the wee hours of the morning. He was the last set of eyes I saw at night, as he curled up in a ball of warmth, confidence and contentment between Ann and me in bed, sometimes at 2 or 3; he was the first set of eyes I saw come morning, as I dressed to start the coffeemaker and straighten up the house. When he should have been sleeping, his eyes rigorously followed me as I tiptoed to leave the bedroom, even as he remained on the bed next to Ann. Soon from the living room, I would hear his little toenails clicking eagerly on the wooden floor of the bedroom, his quiet signal for me to let him out of the bedroom. Then it was a reassuring massage of his shoulders, neck, chest and back as well as a stroke of his famous tail; some play with his toys; and our first walk of the new day, followed by breakfast and guard duties just a few feet from me in the office where I continued to write about what so often seemed the decline and fall of a once-great nation – a period when so many Americans in a land of plenty amid hard-won blessings of liberty and economic opportunity were consumed with grievance, resentment and hatred for one another, some to the point of actually wishing for apocalyptic scenarios if only to vanquish their enemies, real and imagined. Jackson was good tonic amidst all this, particularly in bringing out the best in my neighbors and, I hope, in me. His influence on me and others constitutes, arguably, yet another Age of Jackson, however provincial.

Jackson understood the importance of variety in life. Often in the interim of my daily pursuits, he courted Ann. Sitting in a comfortable recliner opposite Ann in her "hideaway room," briefly distracting her from those aches and pains that come to us all should we live long enough, he nonetheless kept his eyes peeled beyond the doorway for new adventures elsewhere in the house – that is, me. Even so, he enjoyed sitting at Ann's feet or on the love seat in our sunroom while Ann practiced songs on one of three ukuleles for some upcoming Waco Ukulele Orchestra concert to which she had committed. Occasionally, Jackson added vocal accompaniment to Ann’s musicmaking – a most wonderful hound-like howl, perhaps a genetic holdover from his mixed ancestry. On other occasions he rolled about joyfully on his back, kicking his feet into the air, prompting Ann to pause our conversation – “Look, this is one of those moments” – and then motioning excitedly to this impulsive and fleeting burst of canine joie de vivre.

Late into the evening, he retired to the living room sofa; at times he draped his head over the armrest to eagerly await my return from the kitchen with, say, a glass of wine or cup of coffee to edit future newspaper columns in my recliner or read a book of history and political theory or philosophy or, finally, watch TV during which I joined him on the sofa, mindful that he really, really disliked feet, sometimes to the point that he growled lowly. Well, of course.

I didn't fully realize till Jackson was gone that the little guy was such an integral part of my daily life that I now find myself totally disoriented, let alone dispirited, by his abrupt departure. It is, I suppose, another lesson on the fragility of life of which the philosophers ponder and speak. My good friend Phil Reeder remarked knowingly upon learning of Jackson's sudden health troubles: "Bill, you have friends and you have friends – and then you have Jackson." Indeed. There is something about a faithful canine companion that allows one to confide the deepest of confidences, including our gnawing fears and wildest dreams. Longtime Texas congressman and Obama vice presidential prospect Chet Edwards – whose decency, compassion and keen insights into politics, history and the human condition marked our relationship as it evolved into friendship in our post-retirement years – marveled upon news of Jackson's death at the relationship between people and dogs – “there is just something magical about it that makes life worth living." He further noted: "I have always tried to remember that death can cause pain but it cannot stop love."

On April 18, when at age 13, “Action Jackson” went in for his yearly array of geriatric tests, he as usual excelled in everything — bloodwork, chemistry, weight, attitude, all of it. He displayed terrific health, probably owing to daily walks, a quality diet, twice-a-year veterinary exams and lots and lots of interaction and laughter and adventure and inclusion. For him, as for us, life was worth living, even amid the delusion and vindictiveness that now seemed to plague the land. Less than three weeks after demonstrating perfect health, Jackson was dead of a terrible autoimmune malady that five different veterinarians over several long days battled in concert without enduring success. No one knows what triggered the affliction; only wild guesses were offered, and these without any foundation — a mystery typical of this frustrating and often fatal condition in both people and their best friends. I learned a new word after long conversations with each of these veterinarians and during daily hospital visits with an increasingly listless, despondent Jackson – “idiopathic,” which my veterinarian explained after a multitude of tests and treatments is “a fancy word for ‘we just don’t know.’” Uncharacteristically, Jackson failed to rally, yet never once whimpered in my presence as his body succumbed to this infuriatingly unreasonable disease, its cause possibly buried in genetics rather than some outside cause. At the very end, as death loomed, Ann stroked Jackson’s neck and back, encouraging further slumber amid the discontent he clearly experienced. I lay next to him, face to face, our eyes meeting this last extended time, my breath on him and his on me, as he passed in and out of natural sleep in exhaustion before the merciful and quiet hastening of the very end. He passed with not even the slightest shudder or tremor. I continued to weep, caress and embrace him, grateful for the peace in his departure as I shook with grief and rage over the impending emptiness of my life without this innocent little dog.

Grief experienced strongly enough, especially given the mystery of sickness and death to a mind governed by reason, can summon up ghostly apparitions of a sort. I sheepishly raised this with Air Force veteran and motorcycle mechanic Gary Kane – to me, the definition of self-confident, independent-minded yet reflective manhood in a society where so many men are emotionally wounded or crippled to the point of living shallow stereotypes. I admitted that, crazy though it was, I kept hearing Jackson's little toenails tapping on the wooden floor and, on other occasions, the light tinkling of Jackson’s collar in distant corners of the house. Gary acknowledged the same after he lost his beloved border collie Jake, the victim of terrible seizures during his last years. "I’m positive you all did everything in your power to keep Jackson happy and healthy," he counseled. "Sometimes there is no rhyme or reason why things happen. Seems like the need to know the 'why' is overwhelming. There are still things that will trigger me to think Jake is still here. It took me several years not to jump out of bed if I heard anything in the night that sounded like Jake was having a seizure."

In the wake of Jackson's death, I find myself walking later in the morning and evening, thus avoiding chance encounters with well-meaning neighbors who know me only in Jackson's company. I am yet unwilling to go through the difficulty of explaining what on earth happened to Jackson and why I now walk alone. I feel shame, too, in not knowing what I might have done or not done that possibly caused Jackson's sickness (notwithstanding all the tests done and my introduction to the word "idiopathy"), shame that nothing I and the veterinarians could do, even when expense was no concern, could save him. I worry, too, that perhaps I let medical efforts to save him go on beyond all reason, prolonging his trials.  

My friend, retired corporate executive Mike Raymond, sent me a brief Jan. 3, 2024, essay from the Wall Street Journal by attorney Mike Kerrigan on the grief many have for beloved dogs upon their passing. An excerpt is instructive. It reflects on a friend's grief for a dog named Bear: "I like to think that this life isn't all there was for Bear. Years ago, Archbishop Fulton Sheen first perked up my ears, so to speak, on the spirituality of dogs. In his autobiography, ‘Treasure in Clay,’ Sheen wrote that during his holy hour of prayer before the Blessed Sacrament, at times he felt 'like a dog at the master's door, ready in case he called me.’” Kerrigan’s essay continued:

British writer C.S. Lewis went a step further in “The Problem of Pain,” in which he made a plausible case for hounds in heaven. Lewis thought sufficient selfhood might exist in dogs and other domesticated animals that their immortality is subsumed within their master's heavenly destiny. For my money, though, G.K. Chesterton made the best case for dogs in heaven. In “Orthodoxy," Chesterton proposed that perhaps the one thing too great for God to have shown when he walked the earth was his mirth. What is more mirthful than the thought of a surprise party on heavenly move-in day where gathered guests include good ol' Fido? And who could keep such a joyful secret but someone with infinite patience?

Jackson on the homefront, 2017

Granted, some tough-talking, testosterone-driven cowboy stoic who rides herd over animals or some judgmental Christian nationalist who strictly limits humanity to humans (and then only certain humans) might see my grief over a dearly departed canine as a huge failure of manhood, a “woke” flaw in my psychological makeup. Yet Jackson’s vitality, optimism and jubilance around the home, in the neighborhood and on vacations; his insistence on active, fulfilling interaction, whether with toys or in our caresses or on walks or in my conversations with him; his resilience in the face of my occasional preoccupations and indifferences; his fidelity or at least preference for the company of my wife and me, to the degree he often dogged my heels – a consequence, I imagined, of his apparently being abandoned early in life; his energy and confidence in himself regarding all things and in all settings, so contagious and so invigorating during anxious daily life as shut-ins during the pandemic of 2020-21 and my own transformation from a busy lifestyle as a deadline-oriented newspaperman to retirement of the sort Cicero encouraged – one of deep reflection, simple joys and the gradual sorting out of what really mattered in life; the void Jackson filled for cherished family members who had moved on in life and death – all these stamp his passing as devastating, a testimonial of a brief life vibrantly lived and shared, a loss to be mourned, particularly given the suddenness and finality of death here on Earth amid endless intrigue and speculation about life and death for both man and dog.

My compliments go to all involved in Jackson's May 6, 2025, leave-taking, including Dr. Corey Zamzow and Dr. Jered Johnston of the South Bosque Veterinary Clinic, for an extraordinarily peaceful departure after diligent efforts to save him, as well as others who worked around the clock at Waco Animal Emergency Clinic, including Dr. Jade Haberman, Dr. Clay Wilson and Dr. Pat Griffin. Ann and I are now left with overwhelming grief, including wondering whether we savored Jackson as much as we possibly could. My friend – minister and world religions scholar Blake Burleson of Baylor University, with whom I serve on the local newspaper’s board of contributors – says the process of such grief is vital, relevant, even resurrectionary. "Grieving is a good thing; you loved Jackson," he advised me afterward. "Death is always a blow, a physical one at that. It hits us. Live into that now. It is remarkable how close these sentient beings are to us — truly man’s best friend." Another friend, Army veteran, music teacher and political activist Mark Hays, who got to know Jackson at our home during monthly gatherings of “Twelve Angry Men” to discuss politics and philosophy and current events, even held out hope of a reunion, just as Chesterton did. “I often think how wrong it seems that our animal friends have such short lives,” Mark counseled. “I think that they are better than we who do so much evil and destroy so much on such a huge scale. I don't know, but I do believe that they have souls and that we may see them again on the other side. You gave Jackson a wonderful life full of love, companionship and fun. He will be waiting to greet you.”

At the risk of seeming utterly delusionary to cynics and naysayers, I hope for many, many more of those shared walks amid the stars, which somehow even on terra firma I believed would never really end. Just think of the others Jackson and I might soon encounter.

Jackson awaits further engagement, 2020

Described by one of his editors as “an equal-opportunity skeptic” and one of his readers as a "modern-day Don Quixote" (for better or worse), Bill Whitaker in November 2020 retired from Texas journalism after a career of nearly 45 years as a reporter, editor and columnist. He served as Waco Tribune-Herald opinion editor during his final dozen years in the profession.

Thursday, May 1, 2025

'Political activist Beto O'Rourke on Trump 2.0: 'This one is on us'

 

    Beto O'Rourke (left), Chet Edwards talk during Waco's "We the People March for Democracy" rally.

Among a parade of prominent speakers including former Waco Congressman Chet Edwards and former state senator Wendy Davis, former Democratic Congressman and seemingly inexhaustible political activist Beto O’Rourke, 52, of El Paso headlined the McLennan County Democratic Party’s April 27 “We the People March for Democracy,” encouraging several hundred citizens gathered in Waco’s Indian Spring Park to demonstrate the sort of resolve that voting rights advocates demonstrated in pressing for the historic Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Johnson in 1965 after demonstrators championing the cause survived political violence on Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. "The eyes of history, our kids and grandkids, the conscience, the creator to whom we must answer at the end of this life, all are watching us at this time of truth to see whether or not we will be found wanting,” O’Rourke exhorted his listeners. “And so, no pressure, Waco! But this one is on us. And think of it this way: How lucky are we to be alive at this time. The generations between LBJ and I did their part, they were great Americans too, but they did not have the chance that you and I have at this moment.” In an April 28 Q&A, O’Rourke expanded on themes that he and veteran Waco Tribune-Herald journalist Bill Whitaker explored during O’Rourke’s formidable challenge to Republican Sen. Ted Cruz’s 2018 reelection campaign.

Q   When we talked at the Waco Tribune-Herald in October 2018, you brought with you a book you were reading while campaigning – a biography of Julius Caesar. You and I and my newsroom colleagues discussed Julius Caesar briefly and, more specifically, the decline of the Roman republic that continued after his assassination. You said of the Roman republic at the time: "It showed its transition from a republican form of government to an imperial, essentially a dictatorship, under Augustus. And it wasn't him just crossing the Rubicon. It was the chipping away at norms and institutions over 100 years preceding Julius Caesar. And at some point it just gave altogether. So, yeah, when we're no longer a nation of laws, when we instead become a nation of men – and when some people, some men, are above the law because of the position of power they hold – we’re going to lose this." That was nearly two years into President Trump's first term. I would argue we've only moved closer to the Rubicon if we’re not already waist-deep in it, given the willingness of many fellow Americans to forfeit such fundamental protections as due process and rule of law. Am I just a glass-half-empty sort of guy?

Beto O’Rourke   I’m so impressed you brought that up and had that recollection from 2018, given how long ago it was. But I think all that holds true. The lesson taken from the Roman republic was that each of these attacks on representative government became a precedent that the next opportunist was able to exploit. I mean, before Julius Caesar, there’s [Roman general and politician] Sulla, there are others who defy the norms and standards of the republic in order to seize more power for themselves, and that becomes normalized and then others begin to look at ways to do that, including Julius Caesar and Augustus after him. With the president, he has now impounded congressionally authorized and appropriated funds. That might seem an abstract concern to some people, but the importance I see in it is that members of Congress – including the representative from Waco, the representative from El Paso, who serve on our behalf because we elected them – they voted how to spend our tax dollars. Those appropriations literally become the law of the land. And the president under the U.S. Constitution has an obligation and a duty to enact those laws – and instead, unconstitutionally, he’s not doing that. In addition, he’s destroying congressionally mandated agencies like USAID [the U.S. Agency for International Development, a program established by President Kennedy to carry out congressional policies for administering civilian foreign aid and fostering development]. Whatever any of us think about USAID, the point is that people through their representatives in Congress chose to create this and only the people through their representatives in Congress can choose to dismantle it. And the president has bypassed that.

Now add disregard for another co-equal branch of government – the federal judiciary and those court decisions that have attempted to enjoin the president from illegally deporting people from this country who have not had the ability to defend themselves and are not allowed the due process that everyone – and I know you know this but others might not – that everyone in America is guaranteed under the Constitution. The Constitution does not specify citizenship or immigration status for due process. If you’re in the U.S., you’re protected by the Constitution. It’s a really amazing thing. And this defiance of the courts is very much in keeping with Sulla and Caesar and tyrants and would-be tyrants from times past, including Trump’s threats to pursue a third term, which is illegal [under the Twenty-second Amendment], is against the Constitution. It is not an idle threat, either, because we saw what Trump did at the end of his first term when he lawfully and legitimately lost an election – and it wasn’t Democrats who said that, it was the state legislatures of every state in the union where that election was contested, it was his own attorney general, it was his [handpicked director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security] who all said Donald Trump had lost. So he defied the law, the Constitution and chose instead to incite his supporters to try and overturn that election and, as we know now, he really pushed his vice president to illegally discount some votes. [Vice President Mike Pence ultimately refused to do so.]

And then, just to make sure we all get the message, President Trump on his first day back in power pardoned every single one of the rioters, including those filmed in broad daylight beating police officers so badly they became unconscious and causing so much trauma that several of those officers took their own lives in the days following January 6, 2021. So, Bill, this is not just a real and present threat to America, it’s a threat being fulfilled right now. And I think that’s why you saw so many people come out in Waco yesterday. People see this. Now, for all the smart folks, especially on the coasts, who stress the safeguards of democracy and the Constitution – those elements are admittedly an abstraction to most Americans. They just don’t get that. They only care about their pocketbooks and inflation. Yet the truth is everyday Americans right now are stepping up, whether at the “Hands Off” rally in Denton [on April 5] or the Waco rally yesterday – we had 1,300 people join us [for a town-hall rally] in Denton just Saturday. There’s an understanding that crosses partisan lines and geography and really any other distinction between us that we are at a make-or-break moment for the country. This is the Rubicon right now.

Q   You received much attention in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for your passion for books on history and philosophy. Is there anything in your famous library at your home in El Paso that would help Americans better understand what we witness and experience today from the perspective of U.S. or world history? Maybe some insight by one of the Adamses, John or John Quincy? Alexis de Tocqueville? Thomas Paine? Jefferson? Lincoln? FDR? Ronald Reagan? God forbid, Hannah Arendt?

O’Rourke   Oh, man. I now want to talk to you all day. I won’t do that to you, but that’s the best question in the world. It’s funny, my wife sent me a passage from a speech from President Reagan. You’re probably familiar with it. It’s something like, “You can go live in France but you can never become a Frenchman. You can go to Germany or Turkey or Japan, but you can never become a German or a Turk or Japanese. But anyone from anywhere on the planet can come to America and become an American.” And Reagan basically then goes on to say that the reason we lead the world is because, unique among the nations, we draw our people from everywhere, so we’re constantly renewing the strength and purpose of this nation. And he said something like, “We create the future of America.” I mention that because, in contrast to the very real precipice we are at right now in terms of rule of law and government of, by and for the people, there’s this really inspiring vision of America that Kennedy was able to articulate, Reagan was able to articulate. Some men are great leaders, whatever the party, and are able to remind us of our nation’s strengths. And we’re at a moment when what is precipitating this constitutional crisis, more than anything, is the illegal deportation not just of undocumented immigrants or even documented immigrants who have been denied due process but, we learned just over the weekend, a number of actual U.S. citizen children, including one with Stage 4 cancer, simply deported to other countries. [Legal filings indicate that the U.S. citizen child suffering from a rare form of metastatic cancer was deported without medication or the ability to consult with treating physicians, despite ICE officials being notified in advance of the child’s urgent medical needs.]

Even beyond the legalities and constitutionality in all this, which I think is most important, I look at that speech by Reagan just in terms of who we really are as Americans. And as you and I have discussed in the past, if we’re tempted to labor under the illusion that our form of government will persist indefinitely – then go back to the Athenian empire 2,500 years ago, go back to the Roman republic. Look at Weimar Germany in the years 1932 and 1933, and you’ll see some very common themes. In the case of Germany, not even a hundred years ago, you have someone who is bombastic and at times buffoonish but is incredibly charismatic. There are different centers of power within the Weimar Republic that see Hitler as their useful idiot – the oligarchs of the time, the industrialists, those who wanted to rearm the German military, and it really took only a matter of days once he became chancellor to outlaw the communist party [and other opposition parties]. Whether we like communists or not – and I don’t like communists – but whether we like them or not, they were the bulwark that prevented Adolf Hitler from having an absolute majority in the chamber. He made them illegal [as a party to exist]. So when we hear people say, “We’re going to deport the homegrown ones next” [as President Trump remarked in asking President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador on April 14 to build more mega prisons for American-born criminals], you can basically think about targeting groups that are obstacles to Trump’s continued grab for power in this country. Your question just opens a Pandora’s box because there are so many examples out there from the negatives of the Weimar Republic to the positivism of Ronald Reagan. I just hope we can return to that positive imagery articulated by Reagan which obviously plays within the bounds of the Constitution, which I love. And, of course, Reagan didn’t try to go for a third term!

Q   In a lively podcast interview with former Republican strategist Tim Miller of the conservative media group The Bulwark the other day and then during your speech in Waco, you speculated how students in the year 2100 might well marvel upon learning of the American electorate's decision in 2024 to catapult Trump back into power, even after he said he would be a dictator on Day One. I’m old enough to remember when clear-headed American voters would have immediately disqualified from any and all consideration anyone who even hinted at becoming a dictator, even if he or she was running for local dogcatcher, let alone president. Yet such concerns bothered too few voters in 2024. Are we just ignorant of history or the Constitution or civics – or is it something else, something deeper, something more malevolent?

O’Rourke   You know, another great question. I think that’s a recurring temptation in American history. Look at the Confederacy, a government of our fellow Americans who chose to at least try to separate from the United States – and not only to protect the institution of slavery but to have that kind of power and dominion over other human beings, which is very reminiscent of fascism or authoritarianism or different forms of tyranny. And we know about the America First movement of the 1930s, including the massive Nazi rally in Madison Square Garden [organized by the German American Bund and held in 1937 with 20,000 attendees] with a giant portrait of General Washington flanked by swastikas serving as a backdrop. With the benefit of hindsight, we sometimes think of just a straight historical line, but America at times has really had a choice. You have folks like Eugene Debs, a socialist and a communist [an American imprisoned under the congressionally passed Sedition Act of 1918 who nonetheless ran for president from prison in 1920, complete with signs that read "For President: Convict No. 9653"]. You had this America First version of American fascism [led by famed aviator Charles Lindbergh] that was deeply appealing to our fellow Americans. And then, thank God, you had someone like Franklin Delano Roosevelt who as president understood all the underlying motivations – maybe not that Americans really desire fascism or authoritarianism or state control as in the case of communism or socialism but just that they’re hurting, they’re hurting bad, they’re having to sell their homes, they’re losing their farms in Texas and Oklahoma and caravaning to California [as in John Steinbeck’s novel “The Grapes of Wrath”] and this government is just not working for them and they desperately want change. [FDR's New Deal programs between 1933 and 1938 sought to provide relief for Americans impoverished by the Great Depression while stabilizing the economy.] 

And, Bill, my theory is that’s what happened in 2024. This isn’t true for every Trump voter, but there were many Trump voters who may find much of what he stands for and much of what he’s done reprehensible, yet believed he represented the change they needed in their lives in some immediate sense. “I need a job.” “I need to make sure my small business is OK.” “I’m worried about a government not allowing me the freedoms I think I deserve or is overly protective or even onerous in response to the COVID pandemic.” I mean, people really wanted change and, I got to say, my party did not offer it. My party did not recognize it or articulate it or reflect it back or demonstrate it in the campaign. If nothing else, Trump, as you and I have been discussing, he represents change. I mean, the thing he does and says now that would have caused you to balk at electing him dogcatcher 10 or 20 years ago, the things he does and says are so different that, if you’re looking for change – well, I mean, that’s big-time change. And many people, unlike you or me, just don’t have the time or interest to delve deeper into this stuff. They see somebody who says they’re going to do something about inflation or they’re going to do something about immigration. And it’s like, “Well, let’s give this guy a shot.” I mean, these impulses are really a mix of things. It’s not a super-clear picture [of why Trump was reelected over Kamala Harris in 2024], but all those are factors.

Q   A couple of months ago I interviewed globetrotting journalist and de facto anthropologist Carl Hoffman about his rollicking 2020 book "Liar's Circus" in which he spent several months just going from Trump rally to Trump rally across the nation back in 2019 and 2020. Have you ever heard of the book?

O’Rourke   No, but I’m writing it down.

Q   Hoffman offered this observation about Make American Great Again followers in the interview he and I did in March 2025: "The reality is 75 million people did not vote for Trump but 77 million people in 2024 did. There are two kinds of people [in the Trump camp]. There are smart, affluent people who know better but just are greedy and want lower taxes. But tens of millions of other people really do live in a world which is an upside-down world. I can’t emphasize this enough. Seventy million people don’t read a newspaper, probably don’t watch a network news show – I mean, NBC, ABC, CBS, something you think of as more or less neutral or factual. For many people it’s either Fox News or they get all of their news, all of their information, from social media. They literally don’t believe Trump did anything wrong, they literally don’t know the details of, say, the indictment behind his keeping [classified] documents – and the crazy thing is that’s an open-and-shut case. They don’t understand these things. They just think it was a witch hunt to go after him." OK, that’s Hoffman's observation, drawn from the months he spent with Trump rallygoers. In my previous interviews with you, you have been unusually generous about your interactions with Trump supporters, particularly those in remote, decidedly rural stretches of Texas who, so far as I can tell, regularly and mysteriously vote against their own interests, judging from everything from the closure of rural hospitals across Texas, to punishing tariff wars that close off global markets for farmers’ beef and soybeans, to, finally, school vouchers which threaten rural schools and the farming communities that pivot on them. Given your discussions with voters of all stripes across Texas then and since  including your actually visiting all 254 Texas counties in the 2018 Senate campaign  can you offer a psychological profile of the typical MAGA follower who thinks Trump did nothing wrong, dismisses concerns about things like due process and constitutional checks and balances and separation of powers and believes that Trump’s election justifies his doing whatever the hell he pleases? I mean, after January 6, I simply can’t understand anyone ever again voting this guy back into power.

O’Rourke   I think the formulation of your question gets at it. I think Hoffman is correct as well. I’m actually kind of struck by the conversation you and I are having right now. The conversation we’re having would have been typical 20 or certainly 50 years ago. Now, I’m out there in the public realm, have been for the last seven years or so, and this is incredibly rare today. You know people [in daily journalism] want this quick, two-line nugget, “Let me just get the money quote from this guy, I’m just trying to get this thing done.” If there’s even a newspaper involved anymore – it’s just so rare as I travel the state as they consolidate or close or operate with these so-called “ghost” newspaper staffs. The joy and pleasure I get in talking with you is because I grew up in another world where I was reading about this kind of stuff and watching Walter Cronkite and Dan Rather and their successors where we all as Americans were operating from the same set of facts. And, of course, we drew different conclusions based on all that, had different opinions, but no one could deny, if they were to be taken seriously, the reality of the matter. And that’s just not the case anymore. I’ve got college students, because I spend so much time on campuses registering students to vote, who will ask me – and this is like verbatim – “Beto, how do you know what the truth is?” It’s such a crazy question. What do you mean? “Well, I’ve heard there’s this Project 2025, but is that real?” And then I step back and realize that a young person, unlike me at that age, their folks probably don’t subscribe to the newspaper, they themselves certainly aren’t doing so, they’re definitely not watching TV (news) and their source of news is not going to be nytimes.com or even cnn.com, it’s what incidentally comes through their feed on Tiktok or Instagram.

You know, that whole idea that politics is downstream of culture? That has never been more true than today. The information that people gather is cultural. So I think we’ve got – not that you would – but others have to suspend judgment on folks who voted for Trump who just didn’t know all the facts as they were presented to them. Today’s culture, our society, does not place a premium on news, on facts, on truth. It places a premium on entertainment, on distraction, on making these social media platforms rich through algorithms that cause us to watch the videos we see. And if the video is engaging but untruthful, it really doesn’t matter to the platform, just so long as the person is engaging. So that young student who says, “Hey, Beto, how do you know what the truth is?” – I really feel for that person. That’s the canary in the American democracy coal mine right now. That person is indicating, “I don’t know what is actually happening, I don’t know how to make a choice.” And can we then be surprised when millions in this demographic, 18 to 29 year olds, don’t cast a ballot? I think that also speaks to the Trump voters whose rationale ranges from “I wanted lower prices” to “I thought what he did at that rally was really funny” to “Other politicians sound like robots but this guy sounds like my grandfather or my uncle or a real human being.” And they’re making this decision based on a very quick and, frankly, very shallow impression.

Q   Oh, it’s definitely not just the young folks. I know you have lots of interaction with them through campus voter registration drives. I was talking a couple of days ago with a 74-year-old Vietnam War veteran who is a neighbor of mine. Nice guy. He was in a wheelchair. He was telling me that he had received my subscription copy of The Atlantic magazine. And I said, “Well, you know, we got a new mailman and he’s been putting the wrong mail in the wrong mail boxes a lot and I’m having to take other people’s mail to them after it winds up in my mailbox.” And then I said, “Maybe the postal service is going through some changes or personnel cutbacks.” [In fact, the USPS is in the thick of cutbacks, including a plan to cut 10,000 positions.] And my neighbor made a reference to the big veterans hospital we have in Waco – as you well know from your days in Congress focusing heavily on veterans issues – and he complained the Trump administration was making all these cutbacks in Veterans Administration programs and personnel. He was upset about that. And I said, kind of nonchalantly, “Well, this is what we all voted for.” And he stiffened up in his wheelchair in the middle of the street and said, “Not me! I didn’t vote!” He then went on to tell me he had only voted once in his life and that in any case he couldn’t vote now because of the wheelchair. And I said, kind of chuckling good-naturedly, “Well, so far as voting goes, John, you have no one to blame but yourself. You know, you could have voted by mail.” And he just stared at me, jaw on the ground, and said: “You’re kidding. Really?” This is what I find among more and more Americans. I mean, mail-in voting has been around in Texas quite a while now for anyone who is age 65 or over or is medically incapacitated. It's the law. This guy also told me that, out of principle, he hadn’t read a newspaper since 1972 because of some newspaper report back then that Agent Orange wasn’t really dangerous to Vietnam veterans. And I said, “Well, John, those reporters didn’t just sit around in a newsroom and decide one day, ‘Hey, let’s invent a story about Agent Orange being harmless.’ Rather, some presidential administration official said it, the newspapers simply reported it, and only years later after further research did we all learn otherwise." You know, maybe I shouldn’t have encouraged him to vote! And, by the way, when I finally got my copy of The Atlantic, there were no dog-eared pages! No one had read the magazine in that household!

O’Rourke   [Laughter] Absolutely. It’s not just young people. But I think your example with your neighbor does make the same point in that he’s disconnected from shared realities, shared truths, shared facts. Maybe he doesn’t connect the dots between 83,000 proposed job cuts at the VA, many of them veterans, and the quality of care he possibly couldn’t get, and his ability to make a change in who was making those decisions. I obviously don’t know him, but I think it’s part of the same challenge, I really do.

Q   Did the January 6 insurrection or riot or protest or however you want to label it surprise you, given all the time you’ve spent across Texas interacting with people I suspect would count as MAGA?

O’Rourke   Unfortunately, it does not surprise me. It also did not surprise me that – and correct me if I’m wrong, because I suspect you know – but I think Texas supplied more insurrectionists than any other state.

Q   I believe Texas was in the top three states with Florida and Pennsylvania.

O’Rourke   Yeah, and I know from going to different events [about the threat of violence]. I was at an event in Junction, Texas, two years ago and there were probably 60 or 70 people who came to hear me in the Junction Library Annex and probably a hundred who were outside – and not just outside to protest but outside to protest while carrying AR-15s and AK-47s and all sorts of guns. And, on one hand, there’s nothing wrong with that because it’s your right under the First and Second amendments – free speech and to have this firearm and, in Texas, to carry it openly. But the two priorities, when combined, send the message: “I’m here to intimidate you. And I’m here even though you have come peacefully, non-violently, while pursuing a position in our democracy by trying to win people over through rhetoric, answering questions and showing respect.” And there’s this implied threat that “we have our guns here and if we don’t like the way things are going, there’s going to be some kind of a consequence.” And certainly we saw that play out on January 6. And certainly we saw that play out here in El Paso when another Texan with an AK-47 killed 23 people in 2019. [Patrick Crusius, 26, who characterized himself as a white nationalist in his political manifesto, this month pleaded guilty to capital murder and 22 counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon in his deadly 2019 hunt for Hispanics in El Paso; he acknowledged being motivated to kill Hispanics because they were immigrating to the United States. Prosecutors said Crusius’ mission was to “dissuade Mexican and other Hispanic immigrants from coming to the United States." He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.]

Political violence in this country should not come as a surprise, especially when you have a president who incites this – and not just in his first term, but you saw the tweet on Feb. 15 where he posted: “He who saves his country does not violate any law.” And what I found to be so ominous about that is it wasn’t just Trump reflecting his belief that the president is immune from any consequence of his actions, no matter how wrong, no matter how violent, but I really believe – and he’s done this several times – that this was a signal to his followers: “You are absolved ahead of time. You can do this with impunity.” And you remember during the 2020 presidential debate when he told the [far-right, neo-fascist militant organization] Proud Boys, “stand back and stand by,” and his remark as president in 2017 after the racial violence and death in Charlottesville when he said there were “very fine people on both sides.” He certainly sends these signals and I don’t think it’s a matter of “if” we will see more political violence as a result of all this, I think it’s a matter of “when.” And so we go back to your first question about the Rubicon!

Q   Well, again, I don’t know whether we’re waist-deep in the Rubicon or stepping out on the far side. Everyone has his or her own understanding of why Democrats failed in 2024. I argue that Trump demonstrated a certain amount of resolve and gusto that seemed lacking in Biden and even his vice president, whom some argue was chained to an anemic-seeming president’s policies and confounded by the severely limited time schedule allotted her to campaign  just 107 days. Democrats have been faulted ever since for not showing much counterpoint to what the Trump administration has been doing. This may be why the traveling ticket of independent Sen. Bernie Sanders, 83, of Vermont and firebrand Democratic Congresswoman Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez, 35, of New York is drawing huge crowds throughout the Midwest, which is strongly Republican and heavily white. In your speech in Waco, you mentioned 1965 as another pivotal year with at least some parallels to 2025. The year 1965 gave us the Voting Rights Act, which the Supreme Court has unfortunately pretty well dismantled by now. [Appointees of President Trump reportedly reassigned Department of Justice managers of the voting rights section to other branches and have directed all attorneys to dismiss active voting rights cases.] Yet in 1965 the White House was still inhabited by LBJ  very much an “FDR Democrat”  and Congress included Republicans such as Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen, who certainly had a strong grasp of American history and a respectful understanding the Constitution. I would argue there's no such parallel today, given that Republicans hold the White House, both houses of Congress and the Supreme Court. What should Democrats be doing, given that they have been exiled into the wilderness till at least the year 2027?

O’Rourke   Yes, well, I have a more recent example, and I think you’re right about the imperfect analogy. In 2018 we relearned about a program President Trump was running in his first term called “Zero Tolerance,” colloquially known as “family separation,” whereby any migrant apprehended at the border with a young child would be immediately separated from that child and the immigrant immediately deported and the child placed ultimately in foster care here in America. [Reports indicate thousands of children, including infants, were separated from their parents.] In the succeeding administration there were attempts to unify these families. I don’t know the number but there are still a number of families who have not been reunited. When we as a country learned about that, there was an extraordinary level of protests, spontaneous and planned. In El Paso County, in a little town called Tornillo, the Trump administration had constructed a tent city and detention camp for these separated children. And so these kids who didn’t speak the language, strangers in a strange land, whose moms in most cases had been deported, we put out word with maybe two or three days to the world: Come to Tornillo, this is ground zero, this is where things are happening, let’s protest to make sure our fellow Americans know what’s going on. And with short notice we had more than a thousand people come out. And we know Tornillo is not an easy place to get to, but they came from Texas, they came from Massachusetts, we had one woman who came from Alaska, believe it or not, and it and other protests garnered a lot of attention from the people you and I were talking about earlier, people who are kind of buffered from the news, but this broke through. It broke on social media, it broke on traditional news such as newspapers. That was on the 18th of June and on the 20th of June, Trump or at least his administration announced that they were going to rescind the Zero Tolerance family separation policy.

Now, it’s not a direct comparison with the way it was with civil rights crusader John Lewis [marching for voting rights in Selma, Alabama] in 1965, and it wasn’t just the Tornillo protest, though I think it was the largest, but it was protests like that across the country [that exerted pressure on the Trump administration to change tactics]. You and I love to talk history. Well, my favorite line – I guess I have a million of them from Lincoln – is “Public sentiment is everything.” He said it in 1858. [“Public sentiment is everything,” Lincoln told Stephen Douglas in their famous public debates. "Whoever can change public opinion can change the government.”] He said, “Look, our country is deeply divided, we’re worried about who’s in the White House, who’s in control of Congress and the judiciary and the Supreme Court, but more powerful than all that is public sentiment. With it, everything is possible. Without it nothing can be done.” And so we saw in 2018, well before any kind of election, how public sentiment could force a president to change course, much the same way as public sentiment in 1965 helped LBJ on the course he had set but didn’t think he had the power [and political capital] to see through. I think your assessment is absolutely spot on, and Democrats and pro-Constitution, pro-rule-of-law, pro-democracy Americans have not risen up in the numbers we may have expected and that we saw following the 2016 election, but it’s starting to happen. More than a thousand people along the Brazos in Waco and 1,300 in Denton, just a day apart from each other, and the millions who came out in the “Hands Off” rallies – there’s definitely something happening right now and I do think – I do think – that it has the power to shape the decisions that Donald Trump makes.

Q    You may be right. President Trump's Department of Homeland Security issued an order three weeks ago that the legal status of thousands of college and university students here on U.S.-issued visas were to be terminated. This included three Baylor University students in Waco who found their legal status terminated and found themselves under orders to self-deport. The feds only reinstated all of these the other day in federal court because, after more than 100 lawsuits were filed over three weeks, these suits prompted judges to issue some 50 restraining orders. And these came in at least 23 states from federal judges appointed by several presidents, including Donald Trump. And so that policy at least temporarily has been rescinded.

O’Rourke   I think that’s a great example. Big and small, no presidency – even an imperial presidency or a tyrannical presidency – is immune from public sentiment. Lincoln understood it and Trump, regardless of what he says, he absolutely watches and follows the polls. We saw another example of it where the people weren’t necessarily speaking out but their money sure was when the bond market reacted adversely to the tariffs that he had set globally. He changed course. So for those who think this guy is bigger than all of us and is some sort of unstoppable force of nature, someone who has all this power – well, that was the message I was trying to get across on Sunday: This is not the case. Yes, it’s impressive and, yes, we have our work cut out for us, and there’s no way this one is going to be easy. The outcome is uncertain. We just don’t know. It could go either way at this point. But we absolutely have the power to do this. It’s more a matter of recognizing that and using it and not being deterred at every step because he is so good at flooding the zone, of raining down these bizarre orders and comments and distractions. We just have to stay focused as Americans have in all difficult periods of our history.

Q    What would you regard as the most outrageous act of the first hundred days of Trump 2.0? The pardoning of J6ers? The snatching up of people with tattoos or foreign-sounding names off city streets, often by masked law enforcement officers dressed in plain clothes? Defiance of federal courts, including an arguably impotent and outmaneuvered Supreme Court of the United States? Destruction of the global markets on which the retirement plans and business prospects of many Americans depend? Weaponizing government to go after personal enemies such as Christopher Krebs and various law firms? Or something else?     

O’Rourke   In the same way as 1776, during the crafting of the Declaration of Independence, they couldn’t isolate just one thing King George had done. But of all the things you’ve mentioned, the fact that on Day One, in one of his very first acts as president, he pardons his January 6 insurrectionists. The reason that stands out in a very crowded field is that not only did he pardon people who beat these police officers and clearly committed crimes and are shown on videotape doing that – bad enough in itself – but it sent a signal. And that’s what makes this third term threat of his something we should take very, very seriously. The signal is that if you commit violence in service of Donald Trump and that violence includes trying to stop the transition of power in this country, if that violence includes pursuing the political enemies of Donald Trump, if that violence includes possibly changing the very form of government under which we exist, then that is permissible and allowable and can done with impunity in Trump’s America. Now some may hear me say that and say, “Well, Beto, that’s just hysterical.” But I guarantee you, the perpetrators of January 6 and their fellow travelers read that message clear as day. And, really, shame on all of us if after January 6, 2021, and after the pardoning of everyone who was implicated in January 6, 2021, we don’t expect this to happen again. Again, I don’t think it’s a matter of “if” but a matter of “when.” The other question is whether we will be prepared to meet that challenge once it arises. I think most of us hope that challenge is met democratically, peacefully and non-violently at the ballot box in 2026. Before that, it is done through peaceful protest such as we saw in Waco. But we should labor under no illusions that this is the threat that looms largest for our democracy at this time. It is not an electoral threat, although we have to take that one seriously, but it is the threat of political violence. And it’s not just January 6, we have to connect the dots to August 2019 in El Paso and many other incidents or attempts at political violence connected to Donald Trump.